本文選題：低壓電力線通信　切入點：噪聲特性　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：低壓電力線載波通信技術(shù)已經(jīng)得到了廣泛應(yīng)用，然而，由于低壓電力線信道中復(fù)雜的噪聲環(huán)境、對通信信號的衰減問題以及阻抗特性的時變問題，嚴(yán)重制約了其可靠性和傳輸速度的提高。低壓電力線的信道特征與低壓電力線通信的調(diào)制方案、糾錯編碼以及網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)溥x擇有緊密的關(guān)系，但由于缺乏對低壓電力線信道特性的深入探討，導(dǎo)致在通信技術(shù)的選擇過程中缺少足夠的理論依據(jù)。本文針對低壓電力線信道的噪聲、信號衰減和阻抗時變等問題進(jìn)行分析，，為進(jìn)一步深入理解低壓電力線信道特性提供必要的理論基礎(chǔ)。 首先對低壓電力線的噪聲特性進(jìn)行分析。通過搭建低壓電力線噪聲測量電路，獲取了低壓電力線中的噪聲情況。將電力線噪聲分為背景噪聲與脈沖噪聲分別進(jìn)行研究。對背景噪聲利用自回歸模型建模，分別利用奇異值分解法和Levinson-Durbin快速遞推法對其參數(shù)進(jìn)行求解，并比較兩種方法的優(yōu)劣；針對脈沖噪聲模型提出將噪聲特性分成群外特性與群內(nèi)特性的兩個層面上分別進(jìn)行研究，并在時域與頻域分別驗證了模型的準(zhǔn)確性，為建立高精度低壓電力線信道噪聲模型提供方法和依據(jù)。 其次，以低壓電力線噪聲模型為基礎(chǔ)，利用LabVIEW軟件以及NI公司的PXI-5412板卡完成噪聲發(fā)生器的設(shè)計，完成對實測噪聲數(shù)據(jù)的重構(gòu)，為研究低壓電線的電磁兼容環(huán)境與高頻信號在低壓電力線上的傳輸特性提供實驗基礎(chǔ)。 再次，對于低壓電力線通信的信號衰減特性的研究�？紤]到集膚效應(yīng)與介電損耗對高頻信號傳輸?shù)挠绊懀诰鶆騻鬏斁�理論的基礎(chǔ)上，建立一種低壓電力線的RLCG傳輸模型。模型參數(shù)的提取是通過對基本單元長度電力線的頻率特性進(jìn)行測量，并利用量子遺傳算法進(jìn)行辨識來完成的。實驗與仿真結(jié)果表明，電力線RLCG模型在頻域和時域上均能準(zhǔn)確的反映電力線的高頻傳輸特性及衰減特性。 最后，對低壓電力線網(wǎng)絡(luò)阻抗時變性的研究，關(guān)注網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)涓淖兊膶崟r監(jiān)測問題。以RLCG模型與FSV方法為基礎(chǔ)，提出利用隨機脈沖噪聲表征網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)涓淖�，�?jīng)實驗驗證該方法可準(zhǔn)確對隨機脈沖噪聲進(jìn)行辨識，進(jìn)而判斷出網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)的改變。準(zhǔn)確檢測網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)涞母淖�，并通知通信設(shè)備及時的調(diào)整通信方式和啟用糾錯技術(shù)，對提高低壓電力線通信穩(wěn)定性有重要意義。
[Abstract]:Low-voltage power line carrier communication technology has been widely used. However, due to the complex noise environment in the low-voltage power line channel, the attenuation of the communication signal and the time-varying impedance characteristics are discussed. The channel characteristics of low voltage power line are closely related to the modulation scheme, error correction coding and network topology selection of low voltage power line communication. However, due to the lack of in-depth discussion on the characteristics of low-voltage power line channels, there is a lack of sufficient theoretical basis in the selection of communication technology. This paper analyzes the noise, signal attenuation and impedance time-varying of low-voltage power line channels. It provides the necessary theoretical basis for further understanding the characteristics of low voltage power line channel. Firstly, the noise characteristics of low voltage power line are analyzed. The noise in low voltage power line is obtained. The power line noise is divided into background noise and pulse noise, and the background noise is modeled by using autoregressive model. The singular value decomposition (SVD) method and the Levinson-Durbin fast recursive method are used to solve the parameters, and the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods are compared. The accuracy of the model is verified in the time domain and the frequency domain respectively, which provides the method and basis for the establishment of the high-precision low-voltage power line channel noise model. Secondly, based on the low-voltage power line noise model, the noise generator is designed by using LabVIEW software and NI PXI-5412 card, and the reconstruction of the measured noise data is completed. It provides an experimental basis for studying the electromagnetic compatibility environment of low voltage power lines and the transmission characteristics of high frequency signals on low voltage power lines. Thirdly, the signal attenuation characteristics of low-voltage power line communication are studied. Considering the influence of skin effect and dielectric loss on high-frequency signal transmission, the uniform transmission line theory is used to study the signal attenuation characteristics of low-voltage power line communication. A RLCG transmission model of low voltage power line is established. The parameters of the model are extracted by measuring the frequency characteristics of the basic unit length power line and using quantum genetic algorithm to identify it. The experimental and simulation results show that, The power line RLCG model can accurately reflect the high frequency transmission and attenuation characteristics of the power line in both frequency domain and time domain. Finally, the study of time-varying impedance of low-voltage power line network is focused on the real-time monitoring of network topology change. Based on the RLCG model and FSV method, the stochastic impulse noise is proposed to represent the network topology change. It is proved by experiments that the method can accurately identify random impulse noise, and then judge the change of network topology, detect the change of network topology accurately, and notify the communication equipment to adjust the communication mode and use error correction technology in time. It is of great significance to improve the stability of low voltage power line communication.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM73

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