本文選題：鋰離子電池　切入點(diǎn)：電池組　出處：《武漢理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)今世界，環(huán)境和能源問(wèn)題日益突出，電動(dòng)汽車的出現(xiàn)順應(yīng)時(shí)代潮流，在一定程度上緩解了危機(jī)。但目前電動(dòng)汽車尚未普遍流行，其主要原因是電動(dòng)汽車的動(dòng)力電池性能還不能滿足要求。鋰離子電池以相對(duì)優(yōu)越的性能，成為電動(dòng)汽車動(dòng)力電池的主流，鋰離子電池性能的研究也成為熱點(diǎn)。有關(guān)鋰離子電池的研究除了電池本身的化學(xué)材料研究外，對(duì)電池管理系統(tǒng)的研究也如火如荼，但目前還停留在對(duì)剩余電量的精確估算，均衡控制策略，而對(duì)電池組健康狀況的評(píng)估是目前電池管理系統(tǒng)的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。 電池組健康狀況（State of Health，SOH）描述了電池組隨著使用次數(shù)的增加，實(shí)際容量不斷衰減的過(guò)程。本文在闡述鋰離子電池工作原理的基礎(chǔ)上，論述了電池內(nèi)部電極材料，電解質(zhì)溶液，電極極柱等對(duì)電池衰減的影響；同時(shí)也分析了作用于電池的外部因素如充放電倍率，充放電截止電壓，溫度，連接方式等對(duì)電池性能的影響。 一般對(duì)電池SOH的研究主要集中在估算單體電池的SOH，對(duì)成組電池的SOH研究較少。本文提出從單體電池SOH和電池組的一致性兩方面評(píng)估電池組的健康狀況。通過(guò)建立單體電池模型，設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)模型進(jìn)行參數(shù)辨識(shí)，獲得電池內(nèi)部特性。在對(duì)比不同電池的極化內(nèi)阻與歐姆內(nèi)阻之后，確定歐姆內(nèi)阻對(duì)電池性能有重要影響，進(jìn)而從剩余電量與歐姆內(nèi)阻兩方面評(píng)估電池組的一致性。根據(jù)電池在整個(gè)生命周期中可放出電量約為常數(shù)，所以可以確定單體電池的SOH，最后從單體電池SOH和電池組的一致性兩方面評(píng)估電池組的SOH。 在對(duì)電池組SOH評(píng)估的基礎(chǔ)上，本文對(duì)當(dāng)前的電池管理系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)。目前的電池管理系統(tǒng)主要以端電壓作為控制策略的判斷依據(jù)，但實(shí)際上由于內(nèi)阻的存在，端電壓不能準(zhǔn)確反映電池的剩余電量，所以為消除內(nèi)阻的影響，，本文在參數(shù)辨識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上，以開(kāi)路電壓作為充放電截止判斷的依據(jù)。另一方面，傳統(tǒng)的均衡策略是對(duì)當(dāng)前電壓最低的電池進(jìn)行均衡，但事實(shí)上電壓不能準(zhǔn)確反映電池剩余電量，本文從均衡的本質(zhì)及保護(hù)電池組的角度出發(fā)，提出對(duì)最低電量電池采用輪換均衡的方法，使各個(gè)電池性能保持一致，同時(shí)延長(zhǎng)電池組壽命。
[Abstract]:In today's world, environmental and energy problems are becoming increasingly prominent. The emergence of electric vehicles conforms to the trend of the times and alleviates the crisis to a certain extent. The main reason is that the power battery performance of the electric vehicle can not meet the requirements. Lithium ion battery has become the mainstream of the electric vehicle power battery with its relatively superior performance. Besides the study of the chemical materials of the battery itself, the research on the battery management system is also in full swing, but at present it is still in the accurate estimation of the remaining electricity quantity. Balanced control strategy, and the assessment of battery health is the weak link of the cell management system. The state of health of battery pack describes the process that the actual capacity of the battery decreases with the increase of the number of times of use. On the basis of explaining the working principle of lithium ion battery, the paper discusses the electrode material and electrolyte solution inside the cell. At the same time, the effects of external factors such as charge / discharge rate, cutoff voltage, temperature and connection mode on the battery performance are also analyzed. In general, the research on SOH is mainly focused on estimating the Soh of the single cell, but less on the SOH of the grouped cell. This paper proposes to evaluate the health status of the battery from the aspects of the consistency between the SOH and the battery. Single cell model, After comparing the polarization and ohmic internal resistance of different batteries, it is determined that the ohmic internal resistance has an important effect on the performance of the battery. Then the consistency of the battery pack is evaluated in terms of the residual charge and the ohmic internal resistance. So we can determine the Soh of the single cell, and finally evaluate the SOH of the battery from two aspects: the SOH of the cell and the consistency of the battery. Based on the evaluation of battery pack SOH, the current battery management system is improved in this paper. The current battery management system mainly uses terminal voltage as the judgment basis of control strategy, but in fact, because of the existence of internal resistance, The terminal voltage can not accurately reflect the residual quantity of the battery, so the influence of internal resistance is eliminated. Based on the parameter identification, the open circuit voltage is used as the basis of the cutoff judgment of charge and discharge, on the other hand, The traditional equalization strategy is to equalize the cell with the lowest voltage, but in fact, the voltage can not accurately reflect the residual quantity of the battery. In this paper, the essence of the equalization and the protection of the battery pack are discussed. The rotation equalization method for the lowest battery is proposed to keep the cell performance consistent and prolong the battery life at the same time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM912

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