本文選題：風(fēng)力發(fā)電　切入點：電勵磁同步發(fā)電機(jī)　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：摘要：直驅(qū)型風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組因其具有可靠性高、傳動效率高、故障穿越能力強(qiáng)、發(fā)電機(jī)與電網(wǎng)無直接耦合等優(yōu)點,成為了風(fēng)電領(lǐng)域重要的發(fā)展趨勢。近年來,永磁直驅(qū)型風(fēng)電機(jī)組成本受永磁材料的價格、儲量等因素影響較大,從而使電勵磁直驅(qū)型風(fēng)電機(jī)組成為直驅(qū)型風(fēng)電機(jī)組的又一個發(fā)展方向。本文圍繞電勵磁直驅(qū)型風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)并網(wǎng)控制技術(shù)展開理論研究,對并網(wǎng)逆變器和電勵磁同步發(fā)電機(jī)(electrically excited synchronous generator, EESG)的控制策略進(jìn)行了研究,取得了以下成果。 1.圍繞并網(wǎng)逆變器的建模和電流控制性能進(jìn)行了研究。在并網(wǎng)逆變器靜止坐標(biāo)系和同步旋轉(zhuǎn)坐標(biāo)系下的動態(tài)數(shù)學(xué)模型的基礎(chǔ)上,研究了并網(wǎng)逆變器在同步旋轉(zhuǎn)坐標(biāo)系下的解耦PI控制和靜止坐標(biāo)系下的PR控制兩種典型電流控制策略的特點。利用復(fù)矢量分析法對采用不同電流調(diào)節(jié)器時系統(tǒng)的解耦性能、跟隨性能、抗擾性能進(jìn)行了對比分析。對靜止坐標(biāo)系下基于PR電流調(diào)節(jié)器時系統(tǒng)的功率解耦性能進(jìn)行了理論分析,得到了系統(tǒng)的功率耦合關(guān)系,并提出了通過改進(jìn)傳統(tǒng)PR調(diào)節(jié)器實現(xiàn)功率解耦的方法。最后,通過并網(wǎng)逆變器的仿真和實驗結(jié)果驗證了靜止坐標(biāo)系下采用改進(jìn)型PR電流調(diào)節(jié)器可以實現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)有功功率和無功功率的解耦控制,改善系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)性能。 2.對不平衡電網(wǎng)條件下并網(wǎng)逆變器的控制策略進(jìn)行了研究。利用對稱分量法建立了直驅(qū)風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)系統(tǒng)中并網(wǎng)逆變器在不平衡電網(wǎng)電壓條件下的數(shù)學(xué)模型。針對不平衡電網(wǎng)電壓條件下實現(xiàn)并網(wǎng)逆變器與電網(wǎng)同步的問題,提出了一種基于降階諧振調(diào)節(jié)器的鎖頻環(huán)(frequency-locked loop based on reduced order resonant controller, ROR-FLL)技術(shù)實現(xiàn)電網(wǎng)頻率檢測及不平衡電壓的正、負(fù)序分離等,通過仿真和實驗驗證了ROR-FLL實現(xiàn)正負(fù)序分離、諧波及頻率檢測的可行性。采用提出的ROR-FLL,引入了通用正負(fù)序電流指令計算方法,得到了并網(wǎng)逆變器靜止坐標(biāo)系下基于PR電流調(diào)節(jié)器的不平衡控制策略。最后,提出了一種新型的電流調(diào)節(jié)器——比例積分降階諧振(proportion integral plus reduced order resonant, PI-ROR)調(diào)節(jié)器,并將其應(yīng)用到不平衡控制系統(tǒng)中進(jìn)行不平衡電流的控制,得到了一種正向同步旋轉(zhuǎn)坐標(biāo)系下基于PI-ROR電流調(diào)節(jié)器的不平衡控制策略,通過仿真和實驗驗證了系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)態(tài)和動態(tài)性能。 3.圍繞EESG的建模和磁鏈觀測技術(shù)展開研究。建立EESG在靜止坐標(biāo)系、dq同步旋轉(zhuǎn)坐標(biāo)系和MT軸系下的動態(tài)數(shù)學(xué)模型的基礎(chǔ)上,研究了EESG的不同磁鏈定向方法,給出了氣隙磁鏈定向控制的原理,并設(shè)計了矢量控制系統(tǒng)。對EESG矢量控制系統(tǒng)中的磁鏈觀測技術(shù)進(jìn)行了研究,針對基于電壓模型磁鏈觀測器中純積分環(huán)節(jié)的初始值、直流偏置、積分飽和等問題,提出了一種改進(jìn)型二階廣義積分器(improved second-order generalized integrator, ISOGI)代替純積分器,得到了一種基于ISOGI的電壓模型磁鏈觀測技術(shù),并對其實現(xiàn)方法及性能進(jìn)行了分析。最后,通過Matlab仿真和電勵磁直驅(qū)型風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)實驗平臺驗證了基于ISOGI磁鏈觀測器是可行性,且此方案在風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)要求的頻率范圍具有較好的穩(wěn)態(tài)及動態(tài)性能。 4.對電勵磁直驅(qū)型風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)在短時超速情況下的弱磁控制進(jìn)行了研究。首先,介紹了EESG弱磁控制的原理,規(guī)劃出了EESG在恒轉(zhuǎn)矩區(qū)和高速弱磁區(qū)的電流軌跡。其次,對基于動態(tài)定子磁鏈電流補(bǔ)償?shù)腅ESG定、轉(zhuǎn)子綜合弱磁控制方法的性能進(jìn)行了分析,并通過仿真和實驗進(jìn)行了驗證。接著,針對傳統(tǒng)弱磁控制方法存在動態(tài)響應(yīng)慢的問題,提出了兩種改進(jìn)的弱磁控制方案：基于“虛擬阻抗”的定、轉(zhuǎn)子綜合弱磁控制方案和基于變M軸電壓單電流調(diào)節(jié)器的定、轉(zhuǎn)子綜合弱磁控制方案。最后,通過仿真和實驗驗證了所提弱磁控制方案能夠加快弱磁控制的動態(tài)響應(yīng),可以應(yīng)用于電勵磁直驅(qū)型風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的短時超速工況下,保證風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)在更寬的速度范圍內(nèi)可靠運行。
[Abstract]:Abstract: direct drive wind turbine because of its high reliability, high transmission efficiency, fault crossing ability, the advantages of the generator and power system without direct coupling, has become an important trend of the development of wind power industry. In recent years, the permanent magnet direct drive wind turbine cost by permanent magnetic material prices, reserves and other factors a greater impact, so that the electrical excitation has become a development direction of direct drive wind turbine direct drive wind turbine. This paper focuses on the electric excitation direct drive wind generator control technology to conduct theoretical research, on the inverter and electric excitation synchronous generator (electrically excited synchronous generator, EESG) of the control strategy for the research, the following results have been achieved.
Around 1. of the grid connected inverter modeling and current control performance are studied. Based on the dynamic mathematical model of the inverter in the stationary coordinate and synchronous rotation coordinates on the research of grid inverter in synchronous rotating coordinate decoupling PI control and static coordinates PR control of two kinds of typical control strategies of current characteristics. By using the complex vector analysis method of decoupling performance, using different current regulator system tracking performance and anti disturbance performance are analyzed. The static coordinate power decoupling performance PR current regulator system based on the theoretical analysis, the coupling relationship between the power system, and put forward the improvement of traditional the PR regulator to achieve power decoupling method. Finally, through the simulation and experimental results verify the inverter static coordinates by using the improved PR current regulator can The decoupling control of the active power and reactive power of the system is realized, and the dynamic performance of the system is improved.
2. of the unbalanced control strategy of grid connected inverter grid conditions were studied. A direct drive wind generator system in grid connected inverter under unbalanced grid voltage conditions mathematical model using the symmetrical component method. Aiming at the problem of implementation of grid connected inverter and grid synchronization under unbalanced grid voltage, proposes a frequency locked loop reduced order resonant regulator based on (frequency-locked loop based on reduced order resonant controller ROR-FLL) technology to realize frequency detection and unbalanced voltage of positive and negative sequence separation, through simulation and experimental validation of the ROR-FLL to achieve the separation of positive and negative sequence, the feasibility of detecting harmonic and frequency. By using the proposed ROR-FLL, introduced the general positive and negative the instruction sequence current calculation method, the unbalanced control strategy of PR current regulator based on the inverter static coordinate system. Finally, put forward A new current regulator - reduced order proportional integral (proportion integral plus reduced order resonance resonant, PI-ROR) regulator, and its application to the unbalanced control system for unbalanced current control, unbalanced control strategy based on the PI-ROR current regulator has a positive synchronous rotating coordinate system system, steady and dynamic performance was verified by simulation and experiment.
Study 3. the EESG modeling and flux observation technology. The establishment of EESG in the static coordinate system, based on the dynamic mathematical model of DQ synchronous rotating coordinate and MT axis on the research methods of different flux oriented EESG, present the principle of air gap flux oriented control, and the design of the vector control system. EESG flux vector control technology system were studied, the initial pure integrator of the voltage model flux observer based on the value of DC bias, the problem of integral saturation, this paper proposes an improved Nikai Hiroyoshi integrator (improved second-order generalized integrator, ISOGI) instead of pure integrator, get a voltage model flux observer based on ISOGI, and the realization method and performance are analyzed. Finally, through Matlab simulation and electric excitation direct drive wind power system experimental platform is verified The ISOGI flux observer is feasible, and the scheme has good steady state and dynamic performance in the frequency range required by the wind power generation system.
Weak magnetic control 4. of electric excitation direct drive wind generator in the short time speeding has been investigated. Firstly, introduces the principle of EESG weak magnetic control, planning out the current track EESG in constant torque and high speed weakening region. Secondly, the dynamic current compensation based on stator flux EESG, rotor the comprehensive performance of weak magnetic control method is analyzed and verified by simulation and experiments. Then, aiming at the weak magnetic control method has the problem of slow dynamic response, this paper proposes two improved weak magnetic control scheme based on the "virtual impedance of the rotor, comprehensive weak magnetic control scheme and based on M the single shaft voltage current regulator, rotor comprehensive weak magnetic control scheme. Finally, through simulation and experimental verification of the proposed control scheme can accelerate the dynamic magnetic field weakening control response, can be applied to electric excitation direct drive wind power Under the short-time overspeed condition of the electric system, the wind power system is guaranteed to operate reliably within a wider range of speed.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM315

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