本文選題：太陽能電池　切入點：正面銀漿　出處：《中南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：：太陽能電池正面銀漿主要由導(dǎo)電相銀粉、無極粘接相玻璃粉、有機載體以及添加劑組成,在提高太陽能電池光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率方面起到關(guān)鍵作用。目前太陽能電池正面銀漿的主要技術(shù)以及生產(chǎn)銷售都掌握在外國公司,國內(nèi)研究起步較晚。納米銀粉顆粒度小、熔點低,在電極漿料中引入有利于形成高質(zhì)量的歐姆接觸。本課題采用一種新型的無錫無鈀活化工藝,成功地在玻璃粉表面包覆上了一層分布均勻、致密的納米銀顆粒。 本文研究了不同化學(xué)鍍銀法制備的銀包玻璃粉的優(yōu)缺點,優(yōu)化了銀包玻璃粉的制備工藝,并用實驗所制備得到的銀包玻璃粉制備了正面銀漿及正面電極。借助環(huán)境掃描電子顯微鏡(ESEM, Quanta-200)、X射線衍射儀(XRD,D/Max2500)和原子吸收分光光度計(HG-9602)對所制備得到的銀包玻璃粉的形貌和成分,納米銀顆粒的粒徑、含量,燒結(jié)后電極的形貌進行了檢測和分析；采用太陽能電池測試系統(tǒng)和四探針測試儀測定了太陽能電池的光電性能。主要研究結(jié)果如下： 1、利用乙二醇作還原劑直接使Ag+還原成Ag0而沉積在玻璃粉上,從而實現(xiàn)了對漿料用玻璃粉的活化,將活化后的玻璃粉分別直接加入到兩種鍍銀液中,成功實現(xiàn)了對玻璃粉的鍍銀。研究了鍍液組分及工藝條件對鍍液穩(wěn)定性的影響：隨著氨水用量的增加,銀離子的絡(luò)合程度增強,鍍液穩(wěn)定性增強,同時鍍液的pH值也升高,使鍍液穩(wěn)定性減弱,當氨水用量為100ml·L-1時,鍍液的穩(wěn)定性最好；隨著溫度的升高,鍍液自分解能力增強；超聲波對鍍銀液產(chǎn)生攪拌和高能量輸入,使鍍液反應(yīng)加快,同時也有利于粉體的分散；pH值增大,將提高甲醛的還原能力,導(dǎo)致鍍液容易自分解。 2、探討了傳統(tǒng)化學(xué)鍍銀法(金屬離子敏化活化法)制備銀包玻璃粉的可行性,結(jié)果表明此法存在以下缺點：(1)鍍銀前需粗化處理,否則容易導(dǎo)致包覆不均勻,生成較多的游離銀單質(zhì)。然而粗化會造成一定程度的選擇性腐蝕,改變基體成分；(2)敏化時要使用大量的鹽酸及氯化鈉,由于敏化活化層為膠狀物質(zhì),容易吸附雜質(zhì),因此難將預(yù)處理后殘留的氯離子洗干凈。筆者通過實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)用去離子水洗滌20次后的玻璃粉中仍殘留大量氯離子,而殘留的氯離子對太陽能電池的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率影響很大。洗滌次數(shù)過多又會造成亞錫離子的氧化,影響后續(xù)鍍銀效果；(3)活化時若使用貴金屬鈀,成本較高。(4)實驗中用到的錫離子會對人體產(chǎn)生一定程度的損害。 3、研究了活化溫度、pH值以及裝載量等對銀包玻璃粉表面形貌的影響：活化溫度對納米銀顆粒的密度和分布有很大的影響,當活化溫度為5℃時,玻璃粉上納米銀很少,只有斷面包覆的較為完整；當活化溫度為15℃時,玻璃粉光滑面上包覆的銀顆粒的密度明顯增加；當活化溫度為25℃時,玻璃粉表面的銀單質(zhì)包覆均勻,較為完整,密度最大。pH值對納米銀顆粒的粒徑有很大的影響,隨著pH值的升高,銀單質(zhì)的粒徑隨之變大,當pH值分別為11.8、12.6和13.4,裝載量為30g·L-,活化溫度為25℃時,由謝樂公式計算出晶粒粒徑分別約為15nm、40nm、100nm。此外,反應(yīng)時間、反應(yīng)物濃度、裝載量、添加方式、添加劑和有無超聲也會影響到銀包玻璃粉的形貌和銀的析出量。 4、將沒有進行任何處理的玻璃粉和銀包玻璃粉制備成漿料和電極進行對比,發(fā)現(xiàn)銀包玻璃粉對太陽能電池正面電極孔洞率的減小以及光電性能的提高起到較大的作用。相對于鍍銀之前,太陽能電池的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率提高了0.1%。另外,銀包玻璃粉的形貌對導(dǎo)電厚膜的形貌電學(xué)性能以及太陽能電池的性能有顯著影響。當玻璃粉表面的銀的比重較高,顆粒為類球狀,分布均勻,面密度較大時,導(dǎo)電厚膜的方阻較小,同時太陽能電池的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率較高。
[Abstract]:Solar battery positive silver paste is mainly composed of conductive silver powder, glass powder non-polar bonding phase, organic carrier and additive, play a key role in improving the conversion efficiency of solar battery. The main technologies of solar battery positive silver paste and production and sales are in the hands of foreign companies, domestic research started later. The nano silver particles small, low melting point, in the electrode paste is beneficial for forming an ohmic contact of high quality. This paper uses a new Wuxi palladium free activation process successfully in glass powder coated with a layer of uniform distribution of nano silver particles and compact.
This paper studies the advantages and disadvantages of different chemical silver plating preparation of silver coated glass powder, optimization of preparation process of silver coated glass powder, and the powder was prepared for silver coated glass positive silver paste and positive electrode was prepared. By using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM, Quanta-200), X ray diffractometer (XRD D/Max2500), and atomic absorption spectrophotometer (HG-9602) morphology and composition of silver coated glass powder on the prepared nano silver particles, particle size, content, sintering, detection and analysis of electrode morphology; photovoltaic performance determination of the test system and four probe tester using solar energy the battery. The main results are as follows:
1, using ethylene glycol as the reducing agent to direct reduction of Ag+ to Ag0 and deposited on the glass powder, so as to achieve slurry by activated glass powder, the activated glass powder were added directly to the two kinds of silver plating solution, successfully realized the glass powder with silver. The bath components and influence of process conditions on the stability of plating solution with the increase of the dosage of ammonia, silver ion complexation enhancement, bath stability enhancement, while the pH value of the plating bath is increased, the stability of the bath was reduced, when the amount of ammonia is 100ml / L-1, the stability of the bath is best; with the increase of temperature, plating since the liquid decomposition ability enhancement; ultrasonic stirring and high energy input of silver plating solution, plating solution to accelerate the reaction, but also conducive to the spread of powder; the pH value increases, will improve the reducing ability of formaldehyde, lead plating solution easily from decomposition.
2, discusses the traditional method of electroless silver plating (metal ion sensitization and activation method) feasibility of preparing silver coated glass powder. The results show that this method has the following disadvantages: (1) silver before the roughening treatment, otherwise easily lead to uneven coating, generate more free silver. However, coarsening will cause a certain degree of selective corrosion and the change of matrix composition; (2) sensitized to use large amounts of hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride, due to sensitization and activation layer of gelatinous material, easy to adsorb impurities, so it is difficult for the chloride pretreatment residue after washed by experiment. The author found that a large number of residual chlorine ion with deionized water after washing 20 times the glass powder is still, while the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells on the residual chlorine ion influence. The oxidation times of washing too much will cause the stannous ion, subsequent silver plating effect; (3) activation when using noble metal palladium, high cost. (4) the tin ions used in the experiment will cause a certain degree of damage to the human body.
3, the effects of activation temperature, pH value and impact load of silver coated glass powder surface activation temperature on the density and distribution of silver nanoparticles have great influence, when the activation temperature is 5 degrees centigrade, nano silver seldom glass powder, only the complete coating section; when the activation temperature is 15 C, the silver particles of glass powder coated on the smooth surface of the density was significantly increased; when the activation temperature is 25 degrees centigrade, glass powder on the surface of silver coated evenly, more complete, the maximum density of.PH value on the nano silver particle size has a great impact, with the increase of pH value, the particle size of Ag becomes large. When the pH value was 11.8,12.6 and 13.4 respectively, loading capacity of 30g - L-, activation temperature is 25 degrees centigrade by Scherrer formula to calculate the grain size were about 15nm, 40nm, 100nm. in addition, reaction time, reactant concentration, loading, add, and additive No ultrasound can also affect the morphology and precipitation of silver silver coated glass powder.
4, there will be no any treatment of glass powder and silver coated glass powder preparation into slurry and electrode were compared, found that the decrease of the front electrode silver coated glass powder on the rate of holes in solar cells and improve the photoelectric properties play a important role. Compared with the silver before the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cell is increased by 0.1%. in addition, there are significantly affects the performance of silver coated glass powder morphology of conductive thick film electrical properties and morphology of solar cells. When a higher proportion of glass powder on the surface of silver particles, spherical shape, uniform distribution, surface density, small resistance of conductive thick film, and high photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TB306;TM914.4

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本文編號：1632268