本文選題：風(fēng)電機(jī)組　切入點：風(fēng)輪系統(tǒng)　出處：《華北電力大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：風(fēng)輪系統(tǒng)作為風(fēng)電機(jī)組最核心的部件之一,研究其在實際運行過程中的動態(tài)載荷變化特性以及氣彈耦合過程特性是進(jìn)行風(fēng)電機(jī)組設(shè)計與優(yōu)化,確保機(jī)組運行壽命及整體安全穩(wěn)定的重要理論基礎(chǔ)。 以Beddoes-Leishman動態(tài)失速簡化模型為基礎(chǔ),通過Matlab編程仿真分析了NACA0012翼型的動態(tài)失速特性。結(jié)果表明在翼型靜態(tài)失速攻角變化范圍內(nèi),翼型的失速攻角發(fā)生了明顯延遲,動態(tài)升力系數(shù)較靜態(tài)升力系數(shù)出現(xiàn)了明顯的增加,而翼型動態(tài)阻力系數(shù)較靜態(tài)阻力系數(shù)則變化不大。在研究模型參數(shù)對翼型動態(tài)失速特性的影響方面,結(jié)果表明當(dāng)翼型平均攻角運行范圍處于輕度失速和深度失速區(qū)時,翼型的動態(tài)失速效果明顯；增加衰減頻率可抑制流動分離的發(fā)生；增加壓力時間常數(shù)可以提高最大升力系數(shù),而增加邊界層滯后時間常數(shù)可以提高動態(tài)失速攻角。 在經(jīng)典葉素動量理論及相關(guān)修正基礎(chǔ)上,引入Pitt-Pitters和TUDk動態(tài)入流非定常模型,編寫基于這兩種模型的剛性風(fēng)輪系統(tǒng)動態(tài)載荷仿真計算Matlab程序,在對陣風(fēng)等風(fēng)速快速變化工況下的仿真結(jié)果表明：TUDk動態(tài)入流模型與GL GH Bladed計算的誘導(dǎo)速度和風(fēng)輪系統(tǒng)載荷結(jié)果基本一致,證明了編寫的計算程序的有效性；在對動態(tài)瞬間變槳工況下的仿真結(jié)果表明Pitt-Pitters模型和TUDk模型與不考慮動態(tài)入流效應(yīng)的均衡尾渦模型相比均能夠真實反映風(fēng)輪系統(tǒng)載荷的過沖擊現(xiàn)象。在引入動態(tài)入流模型基礎(chǔ)上,將翼型動態(tài)失速模型加入到風(fēng)輪系統(tǒng)載荷仿真計算程序中,仿真分析了在湍流風(fēng)工況下的風(fēng)輪動態(tài)載荷變化特性,結(jié)果表明局部葉素氣動載荷與風(fēng)輪系統(tǒng)整體載荷都較不考慮動態(tài)失速時的載荷有明顯的增加。 利用梁的動態(tài)變形原理推導(dǎo)考慮與不考慮葉片離心剛化效應(yīng)時的柔性風(fēng)輪系統(tǒng)葉片結(jié)構(gòu)動力學(xué)方程,對局部葉素氣動外阻尼的計算方法進(jìn)行研究推導(dǎo),編寫了葉素氣動外阻尼Matlab仿真計算程序,對模型葉素仿真結(jié)果表明葉素面內(nèi)較面外方向更容易出現(xiàn)負(fù)阻尼。將動量葉素理論與結(jié)構(gòu)動力學(xué)模態(tài)疊加法相結(jié)合,編寫了考慮氣彈耦合過程的風(fēng)輪系統(tǒng)載荷Matlab仿真計算程序,通過對葉片模態(tài)阻尼隨槳矩角變化特性的仿真結(jié)果表明模型中的葉片在正常運行范圍內(nèi)是氣彈穩(wěn)定的；在湍流風(fēng)仿真工況下,編程仿真與GL GH Bladed計算的載荷與葉尖變形結(jié)果都具有較好一致性,證明了氣彈耦合仿真計算結(jié)果的合理性。
[Abstract]:As one of the most important components of wind turbine, wind turbine system is designed and optimized to study the dynamic load variation characteristics and aero-elastic coupling process characteristics of wind turbine unit in actual operation. The important theoretical basis to ensure the operation life and overall safety and stability of the unit. Based on the simplified dynamic stall model of Beddoes-Leishman, the dynamic stall characteristics of NACA0012 airfoil are simulated by Matlab. The results show that the stall angle of airfoil is obviously delayed in the range of static stall angle of attack. The dynamic lift coefficient is obviously increased than that of the static lift coefficient, but the dynamic drag coefficient of airfoil is not much different from that of static resistance coefficient. In the aspect of studying the influence of model parameters on the dynamic stall characteristics of airfoil, the dynamic drag coefficient of airfoil is less than that of static drag coefficient. The results show that when the mean angle of attack of airfoil is in the range of slight stall and deep stall, the dynamic stall effect of airfoil is obvious, the increase of attenuation frequency can inhibit the occurrence of flow separation, and the increase of pressure time constant can increase the maximum lift coefficient. Increasing the lag time constant of the boundary layer can increase the angle of attack of dynamic stall. On the basis of the classical momentum theory of blade element and the related correction, the Pitt-Pitters and TUDk dynamic inflow unsteady models are introduced, and the Matlab program for the dynamic load simulation of rigid wind turbine system based on these two models is compiled. The simulation results under the condition of fast variation of gust and constant wind speed show that the induced velocity and the load of wind turbine system calculated by GL GH Bladed are basically the same as those of the 1: TUDK dynamic inflow model, which proves the validity of the calculation program. The simulation results under the dynamic transient variable propeller condition show that the Pitt-Pitters model and the TUDk model can truly reflect the overshock phenomenon of the wind wheel system load compared with the equilibrium wake model which does not take into account the dynamic inflow effect. The dynamic stall model of airfoil is added to the load simulation program of wind turbine system, and the dynamic load variation characteristics of wind turbine under turbulent wind condition are simulated and analyzed. The results show that the aerodynamic load of local blade element and the whole load of wind turbine system are obviously increased when the dynamic stall is not considered. Based on the dynamic deformation principle of beam, the dynamic equations of blade structure of flexible wind turbine system considering and without centrifugal stiffening effect of blade are derived, and the calculation method of aerodynamic external damping of local blade element is studied and deduced. A Matlab simulation program for aerodynamic external damping of leaf element is developed. The simulation results of the model leaf element show that the negative damping is more likely to occur in the leaf element plane than in the off-plane direction. The momentum leaf element theory is combined with the structural dynamic modal superposition method. The Matlab simulation program of wind turbine system load considering the Aeroelastic coupling process is compiled. The simulation results of the blade modal damping with the pitch angle show that the blade in the model is Aeroelastic stable in the normal operation range. Under the condition of turbulent wind simulation, the load calculated by programming simulation is in good agreement with the result of blade tip deformation calculated by GL GH Bladed, which proves the rationality of the results of Aeroelastic coupling simulation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM614

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