本文選題：衛(wèi)星遙感　切入點：燃煤電廠　出處：《清華大學》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：燃煤電廠是中國人為源二氧化硫（SO2）和氮氧化物（NOx）的主要排放源之一，對其排放的控制是中國完成SO2和NOx總量控制目標的關(guān)鍵。隨著“十二五”期間中國SO2和NOx減排工作進入全面攻堅階段，，對污染源的排放監(jiān)管和減排評估工作成為環(huán)境管理層面的迫切需求。本研究通過衛(wèi)星遙感技術(shù)定量分析了中國燃煤電廠的SO2和NOx排放量及變化趨勢，為燃煤電廠的排放監(jiān)管和減排評估提供了新的技術(shù)手段。 首先，通過背景殘差校正、云壓校正和AMF計算三方面的工作改進了OMI和SCIAMACHY衛(wèi)星遙感SO2柱濃度反演算法中的關(guān)鍵參數(shù)，在此基礎上建立了改進后的反演算法。與現(xiàn)有衛(wèi)星業(yè)務算法產(chǎn)品相比，改進算法獲得的SO2柱濃度數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量有明顯改善，可用于區(qū)域和局地尺度人為源排放變化的定量分析。其次，利用背景濃度擬合和非對稱性擬合域選取等手段，建立了適用于中國復雜背景濃度條件下衛(wèi)星遙感反演燃煤電廠排放的新方法。由該方法反演得到的SO2和NOx排放負荷與自下而上排放清單計算結(jié)果符合較好，說明衛(wèi)星遙感方法可用于燃煤電廠SO2和NOx排放的定量評估。 在此基礎上，利用OMI衛(wèi)星遙感觀測數(shù)據(jù)對中國大陸地區(qū)38個孤立燃煤電廠進行了SO2和NOx排放的高斯擬合反演。分析衛(wèi)星觀測孤立電廠附近SO2和NO2濃度的變化趨勢以及脫硫設備實際運行前后衛(wèi)星反演排放的變化，發(fā)現(xiàn)這些電廠的煙氣脫硫設備在投產(chǎn)前期均未實際運行，且衛(wèi)星反演計算得到的煙氣脫硫設備實際運行后的綜合脫硫效率明顯低于環(huán)保部公布的脫硫效率。這一方法實現(xiàn)了利用衛(wèi)星遙感技術(shù)對燃煤電廠脫硫設備運行效果的獨立評估，可為目前我國重點排放源的排放監(jiān)管和評估工作提供新的技術(shù)支撐手段。綜合衛(wèi)星觀測和模型模擬結(jié)果分析了中國地區(qū)2005-2012年期間SO2和NO2濃度的變化趨勢，發(fā)現(xiàn)中國東部地區(qū)“十一五”前期SO2和NO2濃度的迅速增長與新建電廠排放關(guān)系密切；“十一五”后期SO2濃度下降明顯，證實了燃煤電廠脫硫?qū)O2總量減排的貢獻。本研究利用衛(wèi)星遙感定量分析中國燃煤電廠硫、氮排放的工作可以為中國的空氣質(zhì)量管理和減排決策等提供長期的科學支持。
[Abstract]:Coal-fired power plants are one of the major emitters of sulfur dioxide and no _ x). The control of its emissions is the key for China to achieve the goals of total SO2 and NOx control. As China's SO2 and NOx emission reduction work enters a critical stage during the 12th Five-Year Plan period, Emission regulation and emission reduction assessment of pollution sources have become an urgent need in environmental management. This study quantitatively analyzed the SO2 and NOx emissions and trends of coal-fired power plants in China by satellite remote sensing technology. It provides a new technique for emission regulation and emission reduction evaluation of coal-fired power plants. Firstly, through background residual correction, cloud pressure correction and AMF calculation, the key parameters of SO2 column inversion algorithm for OMI and SCIAMACHY satellite remote sensing are improved. On this basis, the improved inversion algorithm is established. Compared with the existing satellite service algorithm, the quality of the SO2 column concentration data obtained by the improved algorithm is obviously improved. It can be used for quantitative analysis of anthropogenic emission changes at regional and local scales. Secondly, using background concentration fitting and asymmetric fitting domain selection, A new method for estimating emissions from coal-fired power plants by satellite remote sensing under the condition of complex background concentrations in China has been established. The SO2 and NOx emission loads derived from this method are in good agreement with the results of bottom-up emission inventory calculation. The method of satellite remote sensing can be used for quantitative evaluation of SO2 and NOx emissions in coal-fired power plants. On this basis, Gao Si fitting inversion of SO2 and NOx emissions from 38 isolated coal-fired power plants in mainland China was carried out by using OMI satellite remote sensing observation data. The variation trend of SO2 and NO2 concentrations near isolated power plants observed by satellite and desulfurization equipment were analyzed. Before and after the actual operation of the satellite inversion of emissions changes, It is found that none of the flue gas desulphurization equipment in these power plants has actually been in operation in the early stage of commissioning. The comprehensive desulfurization efficiency obtained by satellite inversion calculation is obviously lower than that published by the Ministry of Environmental Protection. This method realizes the independent evaluation of the operation effect of desulfurization equipment in coal-fired power plants by using satellite remote sensing technology. The results of satellite observation and model simulation are used to analyze the change trend of SO2 and NO2 concentrations in China from 2005 to 2012. It is found that the rapid increase of SO2 and NO2 concentrations in eastern China is closely related to the emission of new power plants, and the concentration of SO2 decreases obviously in the late period of the 11th Five-Year Plan. The contribution of desulfurization from coal-fired power plants to the total emission reduction of SO2 is confirmed. In this study, the quantitative analysis of sulfur and nitrogen emissions from coal-fired power plants by satellite remote sensing can provide long-term scientific support for air quality management and emission reduction decisions in China.
【學位授予單位】：清華大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：X773;X87

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