本文選題：垂直軸風力機　切入點：深度失速　出處：《蘭州理工大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：風資源作為一種可再生的清潔能源,已經(jīng)得到了全世界的廣泛關(guān)注。在我國風能已是繼水電和火電之后的第三大能源。垂直軸風力機是典型的小型風力機,它具有不用對風向,結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,可以使用于住宅小區(qū)等不可替代的優(yōu)勢,受到了社會的廣泛關(guān)注。但是為了進一步提高垂直軸風力機的風能利用率,還仍需做大量的研究。本文以H型垂直軸風力機為研究對象,對幾種典型狀況下的垂直軸風力機氣動特性及流場做了進一步的研究工作。 H型垂直軸風力機屬于升力型風力機。受其結(jié)構(gòu)和使用環(huán)境的影響,H型垂直軸風力機一般運行在風力機的低風速區(qū),而且上風輪葉片產(chǎn)生的尾渦效果直接作用于下風輪的葉片上,同時還有葉尖渦的影響,所以整個H型垂直軸風力機的內(nèi)流場和風輪附近的流場是非常復雜的。因此,本文主要從自主研發(fā)的翼型出發(fā),分別對H型垂直軸風力機的2D,3D模型進行數(shù)值模擬計算,分析了自主研發(fā)翼型在深度失速狀態(tài)下的升阻性能；低風速下的H型垂直軸風力機的性能；并探討了轉(zhuǎn)動慣量和不同的葉尖小翼對H型垂直軸風力機性能的影響；最后分析葉片數(shù)對H型垂直軸風力機有彎度葉片的兩種不同安裝方式的影響；其主要內(nèi)容包括： 1.采用數(shù)值模擬的方法,分別選用URANS,LES,DES三種不同的湍流模型對自主研發(fā)的翼型進行非定常的模擬計算,并和實驗數(shù)據(jù)進行對比。探討了三種不同的湍流模型在研究翼型深度失速時對升阻力預測的區(qū)別,分析出不同模型的優(yōu)勢,便于后續(xù)模擬計算時湍流模型的選取。結(jié)論顯示：自主研發(fā)的翼型深度失速時的最大攻角為30°,相比原模型的深度失速攻角23°有明顯的提高；在翼型的攻角小于最大深度失速攻角的時候,使用三種湍流模型計算的升力和阻力性能相差不大,且和原模型的試驗值比較接近；在翼型發(fā)生深度失速后,DES湍流模型的模擬結(jié)果不僅具有一定的可靠性,而且能夠捕捉到翼型周圍存在的渦流狀況； 2.以自主研發(fā)的H型垂直軸風力機為研究對象,采用數(shù)值模擬的研究方法,分析了低風速下H型垂直軸風力機的氣動性能和三維效應特征。分析結(jié)果表明：低風速區(qū)域,保持葉尖速比不變,改變風輪轉(zhuǎn)速或改變來流風速,對H型垂直軸風力機的性能影響差別很大,故在設(shè)計和選用H型垂直軸風力機時,在保證合理葉尖速比的同時,還要注意實際風速和轉(zhuǎn)速的情況；在數(shù)值模擬時,合理設(shè)定風速和轉(zhuǎn)速有利于模擬結(jié)果的可靠性；內(nèi)流場的作用影響模擬結(jié)果； 3.以翼型NACA0012的單葉片H型垂直軸風力機為研究對象,采用數(shù)值模擬的研究方法,分析了葉片兩端未安裝葉尖小翼和安裝三種不同的葉尖小翼對H型垂直軸風力機葉片的表面壓力分布和葉尖渦的影響以及氣動性能的影響。結(jié)果表明：安裝小翼均可提高H型垂直軸風力機的最大轉(zhuǎn)矩系數(shù),其中安裝Winglet還提高H型垂直軸風力機啟動力矩；增加葉尖小翼均對消除葉尖渦有利；H型垂直軸風力機葉片兩端安裝Winglet較其他兩種小翼效果好；同時安裝小翼對H型垂直軸風力機的升阻系數(shù)比影響不大,但在0°方位角位置安裝Winglet提高了升阻系數(shù)比值；V型小翼和winglet小翼對法向力系數(shù)和切向力系數(shù)的影響較大,特別是winglet小翼；通過優(yōu)化winglet小翼的幾何參數(shù)和安裝角度,有提高H型垂直軸風力機整體性能的潛力。 4.垂直軸風力機是旋轉(zhuǎn)機械,轉(zhuǎn)動慣量對其主要的氣動性能(功率,功率系數(shù),轉(zhuǎn)矩,轉(zhuǎn)矩系數(shù)等)有一定的影響。本文基于雙向多流管理論和轉(zhuǎn)動慣量的動能定理并利用Matlab編程,以翼型為NACA0018的H型垂直軸風力機為研究對象,分析了轉(zhuǎn)動慣量對H型垂直軸風力機性能的影響。分析發(fā)現(xiàn)：轉(zhuǎn)動慣量的小范圍變化對其最大輸出功率系數(shù)影響不大,但較小轉(zhuǎn)動慣量的風力機需要較大的風速才可以達到最大輸出功率；在達到最大輸出功率以前,較小轉(zhuǎn)動慣量的風力機具有相對較大的功率系數(shù)、轉(zhuǎn)矩系數(shù)和輸出功率；隨著風速的增大,轉(zhuǎn)動慣量較小的風力機功率系數(shù)、轉(zhuǎn)矩系數(shù)、轉(zhuǎn)矩波動較大； 5.采用非對稱翼型的H型垂直垂直軸風力機有彎度的葉片,葉片有兩種安裝方式,一種是彎度向里,另一種是彎度向外。采用數(shù)值模擬的方法,主要探討了不同葉片數(shù)對上述有彎度葉片的兩種安裝方式的影響。分析結(jié)果表明：采用非對稱翼型的H型垂直軸風力機有彎度葉片正置安裝和反置安裝,葉片反置安裝的風力機在方位角為90°的時候,其背風面和迎風面的壓力變化很大,而在0°,180°和270°方位角下,兩種安裝方式差別不大；隨著葉片數(shù)的增加,葉片反置安裝的風力機力矩系數(shù)要小于葉片正置的風力機,且葉片反置安裝的風力機所產(chǎn)生的湍流度要高于葉片正置的情況；在低葉尖速比區(qū)域,葉片反置的風力機的功率系數(shù)要大于葉片正置的風力機,其最大功率也比較大；而在高葉尖速比區(qū)域,葉片反置的風力機的功率系數(shù)要小于葉片正置的風力機。
[Abstract]:The wind resources as a renewable and clean energy, has been widespread concern in the world. In China is the third largest wind energy after hydropower and thermal power. The vertical axis wind turbine is a typical small wind turbine, it has no need of direction, simple structure, can be used in residential areas can not be replaced the advantage of a widespread concern in society. But in order to further improve the vertical axis wind turbine wind energy utilization rate, still need to do a lot of research. In this paper, the H type vertical axis wind turbine as the research object, the vertical axis wind turbine gas for several typical conditions of dynamic characteristics and flow field to do further research work.
H type vertical axis wind turbine belongs to lift type wind turbine. Affected by the structure and use of the environment, the H type vertical axis wind turbine operating at low wind speed of wind turbine, vortex effect and wind wheel blade have direct effects on the wind wheel blade, as well as the influence of tip vortex, so the whole H type vertical axis wind turbine flow field and the flow field near the wind wheel is very complex. Therefore, this article from the independent research and development of the airfoil, respectively for H type vertical axis wind turbine 2D, 3D model for numerical simulation, the aerodynamic performance of independent research and development in depth of airfoil stall condition analysis; the performance of H type vertical axis wind turbine under low wind speed; and discusses the moment of inertia and the different tip vane effect on H type vertical axis wind turbine performance analysis; finally, the number of leaves on H type vertical axis wind turbine has two kinds of blade camber The main contents of the installation are as follows:
1. by the method of numerical simulation, respectively by URANS, LES, DES airfoil three different turbulence models on independent research and development of unsteady simulation often, and compared with the experimental data. Three kinds of turbulence models in the study of the difference between deep stall airfoil lift and drag prediction, analysis of different the advantages of the model, selected for subsequent simulation of turbulence model. The conclusion shows that the maximum angle of independent research and development of the airfoil stall the depth is 30 degrees, compared to the depth of the stall angle of attack of the original model of 23 degree have been significantly improved; in the angle of attack is less than the maximum depth when the airfoil stall angle, lift and drag performance calculation using three a turbulence model is small, and the original model and experimental values are close in depth; airfoil stall, simulation results of DES turbulence model not only has a certain reliability, but also can The eddy current status around the airfoil was captured.
2.浠ヨ嚜涓葷爺鍙戠殑H鍨嬪瀭鐩磋醬椋庡姏鏈轟負鐮旂┒瀵硅薄,閲囩敤鏁板，

本文編號：1612572