本文選題：PWM變流器　切入點(diǎn)：直接功率控制　出處：《廣西大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著能源壓力加大和環(huán)保意識(shí)的提升,風(fēng)力發(fā)電、光伏發(fā)電等可再生能源發(fā)電比重不斷增加,高滲透率下新能源發(fā)電的不間斷隨機(jī)接入給配電網(wǎng)帶來新的挑戰(zhàn)。主動(dòng)配電網(wǎng)是實(shí)現(xiàn)大規(guī)模間歇式新能源并網(wǎng)運(yùn)行控制、電網(wǎng)與充放電設(shè)備互動(dòng)、智能配用電等電網(wǎng)分析與運(yùn)行關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的有效解決方案。然而,主動(dòng)配電網(wǎng)還處在發(fā)展階段,尚有許多亟待解決的理論問題和技術(shù)問題。如何研制相關(guān)智能電力設(shè)備并進(jìn)行電壓調(diào)節(jié)、無功補(bǔ)償、諧波治理和可再生能源轉(zhuǎn)換和接入成為電力電子設(shè)備層面的突出問題。本文針對(duì)主動(dòng)配電網(wǎng)背景下電能質(zhì)量和電能轉(zhuǎn)換的共性關(guān)鍵技術(shù)問題進(jìn)行研究,以脈沖寬度調(diào)制(pulse width modulation, PWM)變流器為研究對(duì)象,以實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)態(tài)和高品質(zhì)控制效果為研究目的,進(jìn)行了數(shù)學(xué)建模和功率分析、信號(hào)檢測(cè)、控制方法研究、實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)研制和數(shù)字信號(hào)處理器(digital signal processor, DSP)控制系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)。完成從理論分析、仿真研究、實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證到具體程序的代碼實(shí)現(xiàn),以便為主動(dòng)配電網(wǎng)相關(guān)智能電力設(shè)備研制提供相應(yīng)的理論保證和技術(shù)支撐。全文主要工作如下： 1)建立數(shù)學(xué)模型和進(jìn)行功率分析計(jì)算。采用開關(guān)函數(shù)描述法建立三相電壓型PWM變流器在abc靜止坐標(biāo)系下的數(shù)學(xué)模型。由瞬時(shí)功率理論得到abc靜止坐標(biāo)系下功率計(jì)算公式；利用坐標(biāo)變換方法,分析得到等量變換和等功率變換αβ止坐標(biāo)系和dq同步旋轉(zhuǎn)坐標(biāo)系下的功率計(jì)算。 2)針對(duì)單相系統(tǒng)電壓暫降和電壓定向信號(hào)的檢測(cè),提出一種新型檢測(cè)方法。根據(jù)單相交流電壓信號(hào)離散數(shù)據(jù),利用相線電壓相量關(guān)系,通過移相角度30°虛構(gòu)出三相電壓信號(hào)。本文提出的檢測(cè)方法幅值變化延時(shí)僅為電網(wǎng)工頻周期的1/12,理論延時(shí)為1.67ms,與目前延時(shí)3.33ms的瞬時(shí)電壓dq分解法和延時(shí)5.Oms的αβ測(cè)法相比,實(shí)時(shí)性進(jìn)一步提高。三相系統(tǒng)采用此方法,可減少交流電壓檢測(cè)的傳感器數(shù)量,降低系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)成本。給出了具體實(shí)現(xiàn)方法和仿真結(jié)果。 3)提出一種新型準(zhǔn)直接功率控制方法。從PWM控制的基本原理出發(fā),對(duì)傳統(tǒng)直接功率控制開關(guān)表調(diào)制機(jī)理進(jìn)行深入分析,對(duì)其開關(guān)表調(diào)節(jié)有功功率和無功功率能力作出解釋,分析選擇不同零矢量的原因,并指出基于開關(guān)表結(jié)構(gòu)的功率滯環(huán)控制的不足。針對(duì)PWM變流器主要實(shí)現(xiàn)整流和逆變功能,從電力系統(tǒng)瞬時(shí)有功功率和無功功率控制的角度,提出一種新型準(zhǔn)直接功率控制策略。采用內(nèi)環(huán)定頻,外環(huán)功率的結(jié)構(gòu),滿足功率流向控制的同時(shí)兼顧電流內(nèi)環(huán)保護(hù)。同時(shí)給出控制器參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)方法和控制仿真結(jié)果,仿真結(jié)果表明實(shí)現(xiàn)PWM變流器的動(dòng)態(tài)高品質(zhì)控制目標(biāo)。 4)提出基于abc坐標(biāo)下的PWM變流器自然坐標(biāo)控制方法,包括直接電流控制方法,無交流電壓傳感器控制方法和直接功率控制方法。由電壓傳感器采集交流側(cè)三相電源經(jīng)計(jì)算得到有功單位分量和無功單位分量實(shí)現(xiàn)矢量控制效果。對(duì)PWM變流器交流側(cè)的相電壓直接進(jìn)行工程積分代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)的微分方法,獲得每相磁鏈的近似值,通過相電壓估算和磁鏈估算模塊實(shí)現(xiàn)無交流電壓傳感器控制。按照新型準(zhǔn)直接功率控制策略的思想,采用功率外環(huán)電流內(nèi)環(huán)的方法,完成基于自然坐標(biāo)下的直接功率控制。本文提出的基于自然坐標(biāo)的控制方法,不需要進(jìn)行坐標(biāo)變換和三角函數(shù)計(jì)算,物理概念清晰。給出PWM變流器基于自然坐標(biāo)控制方法的穩(wěn)態(tài)和動(dòng)態(tài)仿真結(jié)果,仿真結(jié)果表明實(shí)現(xiàn)PWM變流器的動(dòng)態(tài)高品質(zhì)控制目標(biāo)。 5)為進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,按照V模式開發(fā)流程基于dSPACE核心平臺(tái)研制了PWM變流器實(shí)時(shí)控制綜合平臺(tái)。設(shè)計(jì)了主電路、測(cè)量電路、驅(qū)動(dòng)電路、故障檢測(cè)和保護(hù)電路、電源電路等具體電路。進(jìn)行了配電網(wǎng)靜止同步補(bǔ)償器(distribution static synchronous compensator, DSTATCOM)、動(dòng)態(tài)電壓恢復(fù)器(dynamic voltage restorer, DVR)、統(tǒng)一電能質(zhì)量調(diào)節(jié)器(unified power quality conditioner, UPQC)等配電網(wǎng)電能質(zhì)量控制實(shí)驗(yàn)和PWM變流器整流、逆變電能轉(zhuǎn)換實(shí)驗(yàn)。給出相應(yīng)的動(dòng)靜態(tài)實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試結(jié)果,與仿真結(jié)果相符,算法比較實(shí)驗(yàn)表明本文提出的控制算法進(jìn)一步提高了系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)靜態(tài)特性,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明實(shí)現(xiàn)PWM變流器的動(dòng)態(tài)高品質(zhì)控制目標(biāo)。 6)研制了基于DSP控制的PWM變流器控制系統(tǒng)。采用32位高性能處理器TMS320F2812,研制了50kvar容量的DSTATCOM實(shí)驗(yàn)樣機(jī),給出詳細(xì)的實(shí)現(xiàn)過程、實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果。 本文的仿真結(jié)果和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,所提出的信號(hào)檢測(cè)方法和PWM變流器控制方法,具有較好的實(shí)時(shí)檢測(cè)性能和控制性能,對(duì)研究電能質(zhì)量控制器和電能轉(zhuǎn)換系統(tǒng)可起到一定的理論保證和技術(shù)支撐作用,系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)也可為研制相關(guān)智能電力設(shè)備提供參考。
[Abstract]:With the increasing pressure of energy and environmental awareness, wind power, solar power and other renewable energy power generation increasing the proportion of new energy power generation, high permeability under continuous random access brings new challenges to the active distribution network. Distribution network is to achieve large-scale intermittent operation of new energy grid control, power grid and charging and discharging equipment interaction, effective the solution of intelligent power grid operation analysis and key technology. However, the active power distribution network is still in the stage of development, there are still many theoretical problems and technical problems. How to develop the related intelligent power equipment and voltage regulation, reactive power compensation, harmonic control and renewable energy conversion and access has become a prominent problem in power electronic level the equipment. According to the background of active distribution network power quality and power conversion of the common key technologies of pulse Width modulation (pulse width modulation, PWM) converter as the research object, to achieve dynamic and quality control effect for the purpose of the study is analyzed, mathematical modeling and power signal detection, control method, experimental platform and digital signal processor (digital signal processor DSP) control system. From the theoretical analysis, simulation study and experimental verification to the specific program code, for active distribution network intelligent power equipment development to provide theoretical support and technical guarantee accordingly. The main work of this paper is as follows:
1) establish and power analysis model. Using the switch function to describe the established mathematical model of three-phase voltage type PWM converter in ABC coordinates system. The calculation formula of power ABC static coordinates obtained by the instantaneous power theory; using the method of coordinate transformation, the analysis to the equivalent transformation and power conversion of alpha and beta power check coordinate and DQ synchronous rotating coordinate calculation.
2) detection system for single-phase voltage sags and voltage directional signal, puts forward a new detection method based on discrete data. The single-phase AC voltage signal, the phase voltage phasor, by shifting the phase angle of 30 DEG. The fictitious three-phase voltage signal. The amplitude change detection method is proposed in this paper is only delay power frequency cycle 1/12. The theory of time delay is 1.67ms, compared with the current method of alpha and beta instantaneous voltage DQ delay 3.33ms decomposition and delay 5.Oms, real-time three-phase system further improved. Using this method, can reduce the number of sensors for detection of AC voltage, reduce the cost of system design. The implementation method is given and the simulation results.
3) proposed a novel quasi direct power control method. Based on the basic principle of PWM control, the traditional direct power control switch table modulation mechanism of in-depth analysis, to explain the switching table regulating active power and reactive power capacity, analysis of reasons for choosing different zero vectors, and pointed out the problems that the switching power hysteresis loop control based on the table structure. The PWM converter main rectifier and inverter, active power from the power system and the instantaneous reactive power control, proposed a novel quasi direct power control strategy. The inner structure of the outer ring fixed frequency, power, power flow control and meet both current and give protection. The parameters of the controller design method and simulation results, the simulation results show that the dynamic quality control objectives of PWM converter.
4) the ABC coordinates of the PWM converter control method based on the natural coordinates, including the direct current control method, AC voltage sensorless control method and direct power control method of voltage sensor. By collecting the AC side of the three-phase power supply unit by active component and reactive component units calculated for vector control. Direct differential method instead of integral engineering the traditional phase voltage of PWM converter AC side, get the approximate value of each phase flux, by phase voltage estimation and flux estimation module to realize AC voltage sensorless control. According to the new quasi direct power control strategy, using the method of power loop and current loop, complete the direct power control based on natural coordinate control. Methods the natural coordinates based on the need of coordinate transformation and trigonometric function calculation, clear physical concept is given PWM. The converter is based on the steady-state and dynamic simulation results of the natural coordinate control method, and the simulation results show that the dynamic high quality control target of the PWM converter is realized.
5) for experimental study, according to the V model development process dSPACE core platform is developed based on real-time control of PWM converter integrated platform. The main circuit design, measuring circuit, drive circuit, fault detection and protection circuit, power supply circuit and other specific circuit. The distribution network static synchronous compensator (distribution static synchronous compensator, DSTATCOM) dynamic voltage restorer (dynamic voltage, restorer, DVR), the unified power quality conditioner (unified power quality conditioner, UPQC) and the power quality control experiment and PWM converter, inverter power conversion experiment. Given the static and dynamic experiments of the corresponding test results, and the simulation results are consistent, comparative experiments show that the control algorithm the algorithm proposed in this paper to further improve the static and dynamic characteristics of the system, the experimental results show that the dynamic quality control objectives of PWM converter.
6) developed a PWM converter control system based on DSP control. Using the 32 bit high-performance processor TMS320F2812, the 50kvar capacity prototype of DSTATCOM was developed, and the detailed implementation process, experimental test and experimental results were given.
The simulation results and experimental results show that the signal detection method and the control of PWM converter with the proposed method, performance and control performance of real-time detection of good, quality controller and power conversion system has theoretical support and technical guarantee for the research of power system design, but also provide a reference for the development of the relevant intelligent electric power equipment.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM46

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