本文選題：分布式電源　切入點：微電網　出處：《太原理工大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：全球面臨能源日益減少和環(huán)境污染日益嚴重等問題將隨著智能電網這一新型電力產業(yè)的提出和不斷發(fā)展逐漸得以解決,同時也加快了可再生能源的開發(fā)進程。分布式電源(Distributed Generation,DG)作為智能電網的一大特色,具有建設周期短、安裝地點靈活多變、可靠性高、能源利用率高、清潔環(huán)保等特點。微網(Micro-grid)作為分布式電源的有效載體,能夠充分發(fā)揮DG的優(yōu)點,進一步提高電力系統(tǒng)運行的經濟性、靈活性和清潔性,更好地滿足用戶側對電能質量和供電可靠性的要求。DG并網后由于其類型、位置、容量的不同會直接影響微電網的潮流分布,主要體現在能源的梯級利用率、電網規(guī)劃成本、供電可靠性、電能質量、網絡損耗和繼電保護等方面。引入分布式發(fā)電技術后的微電網中出現了一種新運行方式即孤島運行,配電網作為智能電網中一類復雜典型的網絡,當配電網與大電網因某種原因斷開連接后需要結合孤島劃分方法合理平滑地過渡到計劃孤島狀態(tài),才能在真正意義上充分利用分布式電源實現配電網結構優(yōu)化。本文就對以上兩個方面進行了研究,主要研究工作如下： (1)研究了多種分布式電源模型,包含微型燃氣輪機(Micro-turbine Generator,MT)、風力發(fā)電機(Wind-turbine Generator, WG)、光伏發(fā)電(Photovoltaic, PV)三種分布式電源以及儲能電池(Storage Battery, SB)。 (2)在分布式電源單個容量確定、個數和位置不確定的情況下,建立以用戶側的投資運行成本和網絡損耗費用最小為優(yōu)化目標函數,結合費用的重要程度設置不同的權重系數,建立多目標優(yōu)化模型,采用蟻群優(yōu)化算法(Ant Colony Optimization, ACO)對函數進行求解得到分布式電源并網的優(yōu)化位置和容量,并應用于30節(jié)點配電測試系統(tǒng),得到DG接入后的優(yōu)化方案。算例分析表明,所用方法可以得到較為合理的方案,并可有效地降低系統(tǒng)網損、節(jié)點電壓偏差,提高需求側的經濟效益和電能質量。 (3)在利用蟻群優(yōu)化算法得出分布式電源并網后的位置和容量優(yōu)化結果的基礎上,提出了基于優(yōu)化結果并考慮用戶側需求的孤島劃分方案。該方案加入需求側的負荷重要度,將分布式電源的電能優(yōu)先提供給重要負荷,保證重要負荷的不間斷供電,并將剩余的電能提供給次要負荷。因為存在多種融合的組合方式,在這種情況下需要結合目標函數和約束條件,選出最終最適合用戶要求的優(yōu)化孤島方案。本文以分布式電源優(yōu)化并網后的30節(jié)點配電系統(tǒng)為算例進行了驗證,結果表明,在DG優(yōu)化并網的配電系統(tǒng)發(fā)生故障后,可以合理的生成針對需求側最優(yōu)的孤島運行方案,融合單元內的負荷和發(fā)電量之間可以達到較高的適配程度,有效地提高了系統(tǒng)的供電可靠性和自愈能力。
[Abstract]:With the development and development of smart grid, the global problems such as decreasing energy sources and increasing environmental pollution will be solved gradually. At the same time, it also speeds up the development of renewable energy. As a major feature of smart grid, distributed Generation DGG has the advantages of short construction period, flexible installation location, high reliability and high energy efficiency. As an effective carrier of distributed power supply, Micro-grid can give full play to the advantages of DG and further improve the economy, flexibility and cleanliness of power system. Better meet the user side requirements for power quality and reliability. DG will directly affect the distribution of power flow due to its type, location and capacity, mainly reflected in the cascade utilization of energy, network planning costs. Power supply reliability, power quality, network loss and relay protection. After the introduction of distributed generation technology, a new operation mode, isolated island operation, appears in microgrid. Distribution network is a kind of complex and typical network in smart grid. When the distribution network and the large power network are disconnected for some reason, it is necessary to make a reasonable and smooth transition to the planned islanding state by combining the islanding method. In order to make full use of distributed generation to realize the distribution network structure optimization in real sense, this paper has carried on the research to the above two aspects, the main research work is as follows:. 1) several distributed power generation models are studied, including micro-turbine generator MTG, wind-turbine generator, WGT, photovoltaic photovoltaics (PVV) and storage Battery, SBN. 2) when the single capacity of distributed power supply is determined, the number and position of the distributed power source are uncertain, and the minimum cost of investment and network loss on the user side is taken as the optimal objective function, and different weight coefficients are set up in combination with the importance of the cost. A multi-objective optimization model is established. Ant Colony optimization (ACO) algorithm is used to solve the function to obtain the optimal position and capacity of distributed power supply. The model is applied to a 30-bus distribution test system. The optimization scheme after DG access is obtained. The example analysis shows that the method can get more reasonable scheme, and can effectively reduce the system network loss, node voltage deviation, and improve the economic efficiency and power quality of the demand side. 3) on the basis of the results of location and capacity optimization of distributed power supply by using ant colony optimization algorithm, an island partition scheme based on optimization results and considering user side requirements is proposed, which adds the load importance of demand side to the scheme. Priority is given to the distribution of electricity to important loads, ensuring uninterrupted power supply to important loads, and the remaining energy is provided to secondary loads. In this case, we need to combine the objective function and the constraint conditions to select the optimal islanding scheme which is the most suitable for the users. This paper takes the 30-node distribution system with distributed power supply optimization as an example, and the results show that, After the fault of the DG optimized grid-connected distribution system, the optimal islanding operation scheme for the demand side can be generated reasonably, and the load and power generation in the fusion unit can reach a higher adaptation level. The power supply reliability and self-healing ability of the system are improved effectively.
【學位授予單位】：太原理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM61;TM73

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