本文選題：飲用水　切入點：總有機碳　出處：《上海師范大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：飲用水安全直接影響居民健康與安全。因地表水污染嚴重城市供水血臨巨大壓力,且城市供水水廠多是常規(guī)水處理工藝,難以應對水源水質的復雜變化,尤其是對水中種類繁多的微量有害有機物的去除效果較差。因此,對家庭起到末保護作用的家用凈水器應運而生。通過活性炭和膜過濾等多種深度凈水工藝聯(lián)合,家用凈水器可有效去除嗅味、余氯、微生物、有機物和重金屬等,因此,家用凈水器的實際凈化性能成為影響凈水器市場和居民飲用水安全的關鍵。 本研究主要包括兩部分,第一部分對城市管網末端水進行水質調查,選擇飲用水問題相對較為突出和典型的長三角地區(qū)為研究對象；第二部分,以嘉興市為例開展初步的家用凈水器市場調研,同時對多款活性炭型凈水器進行長期動態(tài)跟蹤測試,以研究凈水器的實際凈化性能變化規(guī)律。 結果表明： 1.對長三角地區(qū)13個城市的管網末端水進行了隨機取樣和水質監(jiān)測,不同城市管網末端自來水水質檢測結果均存在較大差異,以TOC結果為例,以水庫水為水源如寧波、金華、臺州等城市其白來水TOC值明顯小于以河道水為水源如上海、無錫、蘇州及嘉興等城市,前者的TOC值皆低于1.0m/L,而后者都高于1.5mg/L,其中嘉興最高,平均值為3.7mg/L,盡管部分城市采用臭氧-活性炭等深度處理工藝,但水源水質優(yōu)劣直接決定居民飲用水質量；抽取部分市售瓶裝和桶裝飲用凈水進行水質監(jiān)測,發(fā)現(xiàn)飲用凈水的TOC值與麗水、金華等水源較好的地區(qū)TOC檢測值相相近,且皆小于1.0mg/L。因此,在接下來對家用凈水器的凈化性能研究中,設定凈水器出水TOC的參考目標值為1.0mg/L,這時家用凈水器的凈化水水質接近水源較好地區(qū)的水平。 2.凈水器種類繁多且不同組合工藝不同品牌的產品亦較多,針對嘉興市部分居民家用凈水器的調研結果,72%的凈水器為進口品牌，50%的凈水器的價格在2000元以上,凈水器主要用途是代替白來水、方便居民飲水等。居民偏好于臺式凈水器,其中有74%加入超濾結構,26%為反滲透型凈水器,不同凈水器對TOC的去除率實時凈化性能差異較大。 3.購置14款國內外知名品牌活性炭型家用凈水器,以總有機碳(TOC)為測試指標,通過動態(tài)跟蹤研究凈水器對有機物去除率衰減趨趨勢,評估其實際凈化性能：運行初期,凈水器出水TOC含量較進水含量明顯降低,隨著通水量增加(或使用時間增加),各款凈水器TOC去除率哀減趨勢表現(xiàn)顯著差異,部分凈水器衰減過快,以1.0mg/L為參考標準部分凈水器的出水TOC穿透此線的通水量低十200L,僅有三款凈水器(占評估總數(shù)21%)具有長期持續(xù)的凈化性能(可持續(xù)凈化超過1200L自來水),適合居民家庭實際長期使用。表明實驗過程中不同類型家用凈水器凈化性能存在較大差異,居民需要根據地區(qū)水質特性選擇合適的凈水器以滿足長期使用。
[Abstract]:The safety of drinking water directly affect people's health and safety. Because of surface water pollution of city water supply blood facing tremendous pressure, and city water supply plant is more than conventional water treatment process is difficult to cope with the complex changes in water quality, especially the poor effect on removal of trace harmful kinds of organic matter. Therefore, for the family to the end the protective effect of household water purifier emerged. By activated carbon and membrane filtration and other deep water purification process, can effectively remove the odor, chlorine, microbial household water purifiers, organics and heavy metals, therefore, the actual home water purifier purification performance becomes a key and drinking water purifier market the safety of the water.
This study mainly includes two parts, the first part of the city network terminal water quality survey, selection of drinking water problem is relatively prominent and typical area of the Yangtze River Delta as the research object; the second part, taking Jiaxing city as an example to carry out the preliminary household water purifier market research, with a variety of activated carbon water purifier for a long time in order to study the actual dynamic tracking test, water purifier purification performance change.
The results show that:
The end of the water pipe network 13 1. city of the Yangtze River Delta region were randomly sampled and water quality monitoring, detection results of different city tap water pipe ends are quite different, with the results of TOC as an example, the reservoir water such as Ningbo, Jinhua, Taizhou city and the water TOC value was significantly less than that in river water such as Shanghai, Wuxi, Suzhou and Jiaxing City, the former TOC values were less than 1.0m/L, and the latter is higher than that of 1.5mg/L, the highest in Jiaxing, the average value is 3.7mg/L, although part of the city by using ozone activated carbon treatment processes, but the water quality of drinking water directly determines the quality; extraction of bottled and bottled drinking water quality monitoring, found that drinking water TOC value and Lishui, Jinhua and other water areas with better TOC detection value is similar, and are therefore less than 1.0mg/L., next to the home water purifier In the study of purification performance, the reference target value of TOC of the water purifier is 1.0mg/L, when the purified water quality of the household water purifier is close to the level of the better water area.
2. water purifier of various kinds and different combination process of different brands of products is also more, according to the research results, some residents of Jiaxing city household water purifier, water purifier 72% imported water purifier brand, 50% of the price of 2000 yuan, mainly use the water purifier is instead of white water, drinking water for residents. Residents prefer desktop water purifier, which has 74% joined the 26% structure of ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis type water purifier, different water purifier on the removal rate of TOC real-time purification performance differences.
3. purchase of 14 domestic and foreign well-known brands of activated carbon type household water purifier, the total organic carbon (TOC) as the test index, through dynamic tracking research of water purifier removal rate attenuation trend of organic matter, evaluate the actual cleaning performance: the beginning of operation, the water purifier water content is TOC water content decreased significantly with the increase of water content, (or time), the water purifier, the removal rate of TOC attenuation trend showed significant difference, part of the water purifier decreases fast, with 1.0mg/L as the reference standard part of the effluent TOC water purifier through this line of low water content ten 200L, only three (water purifier accounted for 21% of the total) assessment with continuous purification performance (long-term sustainable purification of more than 1200L, suitable for household tap water) the actual use for a long time. During the experiment, the result indicated that the different types of household water purifier purification performance there is a big difference, according to the characteristics of water area residents need to choose Choose the appropriate water purifier to meet the long-term use.

【學位授予單位】：上海師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM925.5;X832

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