本文選題：測功機　切入點：PLC　出處：《武漢理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來，隨著國內(nèi)汽車工業(yè)迅速發(fā)展和環(huán)保要求日益嚴(yán)格，對發(fā)電機性能測試技術(shù)要求進一步提高。交流電力測功機系統(tǒng)能夠在實驗室模擬發(fā)電機安裝在整車上實際運行時的機械負(fù)載，其優(yōu)點在于試驗條件容易控制，參數(shù)采集處理方便，測量精度高等。目前，國內(nèi)外交流電力測功機控制系統(tǒng)技術(shù)方面存在較大的差距。因此，，研制出高水平的交流電力測功機控制系統(tǒng)有利于國內(nèi)測功機技術(shù)的發(fā)展，并具有重要的意義。研究內(nèi)容包括以下幾方面。 深入研究了測功機的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，并分析其工作原理和數(shù)學(xué)模型，設(shè)計交流電力測功機控制系統(tǒng)的硬件和軟件。制定出了本測功機控制系統(tǒng)的總體方案。 在硬件設(shè)計上，以西門子S7-200PLC為主控制器，給出了轉(zhuǎn)速和扭矩信號的采集和處理電路設(shè)計方法及具體的原理圖。確定PLC與各部分的通訊方法和設(shè)計其通訊電路。通過MODBUS協(xié)議實現(xiàn)PLC與變頻器之間的通訊，自由口協(xié)議實現(xiàn)PLC與觸摸屏之間的通訊，以太網(wǎng)模式實現(xiàn)PLC與上位機之間的通訊。 在軟件設(shè)計上，以PLC為軟件開發(fā)平臺，采用計算機和人機交互技術(shù)，設(shè)計了實時控制子程序和人機交互子程序。根據(jù)交流電力測功機系統(tǒng)的控制要求，使用模塊化進行處理。利用去除最大值和最小值后求平均值的方法對數(shù)據(jù)進行濾波處理，控制策略采用基于九點控制的PID控制，實現(xiàn)交流電力測功機控制系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計。 對測功機系統(tǒng)進行了空載試驗和發(fā)電狀態(tài)試驗�？蛰d試驗時，進行了轉(zhuǎn)速信號測試試驗和扭矩信號測試試驗。發(fā)電狀態(tài)試驗，采用測功機轉(zhuǎn)速給定-被測電機扭矩變化和被測電機扭矩給定-測功機轉(zhuǎn)速變化的兩種控制調(diào)節(jié)方案。大量的實驗結(jié)果表明，基于九點控制的PID控制的交流電力測功機控制系統(tǒng)能夠達到較理想的控制效果，滿足發(fā)電機性能測試的要求。 整個系統(tǒng)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)測功機轉(zhuǎn)速控制、扭矩控制、轉(zhuǎn)速模式下的恒扭矩控制和扭矩模式下的恒轉(zhuǎn)速控制，具有較高的穩(wěn)定性，模擬了被測電機的機械性能，初步完成了對測功機發(fā)電狀態(tài)的研究與分析。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of domestic automobile industry and the increasingly stringent requirements of environmental protection, The requirements for performance testing of generators are further improved. The AC electric dynamometer system can simulate the mechanical load of the generator installed on the whole vehicle in the laboratory. Its advantage is that the test conditions are easy to control. At present, there is a big gap in the control system technology of AC electric dynamometer at home and abroad. The development of a high level AC dynamometer control system is beneficial to the development of domestic dynamometer technology and has important significance. The research contents include the following aspects. This paper studies the basic structure of dynamometer, analyzes its working principle and mathematical model, designs the hardware and software of the control system of AC electric dynamometer, and formulates the overall scheme of the control system of the dynamometer. In hardware design, Siemens S7-200 PLC is used as main controller. In this paper, the design method of the circuit for collecting and processing rotational speed and torque signals and its schematic diagram are given. The communication method and circuit between PLC and each part are determined. The communication between PLC and frequency converter is realized by MODBUS protocol. Free port protocol realizes communication between PLC and touch screen, Ethernet mode realizes communication between PLC and host computer. In software design, the real-time control subroutine and human-computer interaction subroutine are designed with PLC as the software development platform and computer and human-computer interaction technology. According to the control requirements of AC power dynamometer system, Modularization is used to process the data. The data is filtered and processed by removing the maximum value and the minimum value, and the control strategy is based on the PID control of nine points. The software design of the control system of AC power dynamometer is realized. During the no-load test, the rotational speed signal test and the torque signal test test are carried out. In this paper, two kinds of control and regulation schemes are adopted, that is, the speed of dynamometer is given-the torque change of the motor to be measured and the torque of the dynamometer to be given. A large number of experimental results show that, The control system of AC electric dynamometer based on nine-point PID control can achieve ideal control effect and meet the requirements of generator performance test. The whole system can realize the speed control of dynamometer, torque control, constant torque control under rotational speed mode and constant speed control under torque mode. The research and analysis of the power generation state of dynamometer have been preliminarily completed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TP273

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