本文關(guān)鍵詞： 混合動(dòng)力汽車 電源變換系統(tǒng) 電磁兼容 電磁干擾 傳播路徑 建模 寄生參數(shù) 抑制方法 濾波器　出處：《重慶大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：混合動(dòng)力汽車相比傳統(tǒng)汽車電磁兼容(Electromagnetic Compatibility, EMC)問(wèn)題更加突出，其車載大功率電力電子設(shè)備產(chǎn)生的強(qiáng)烈電磁干擾(ElectromagneticInterference, EMI)會(huì)對(duì)自身系統(tǒng)和車內(nèi)其它系統(tǒng)造成干擾影響。為了解決混合動(dòng)力汽車大功率電力電子系統(tǒng)的EMC問(wèn)題，本文重點(diǎn)研究車載大功率直流電源變換器系統(tǒng)EMC問(wèn)題，掌握該系統(tǒng)的EMI測(cè)量方法、產(chǎn)生機(jī)理、傳播路徑、預(yù)測(cè)模型和優(yōu)化方案，本文的研究思路和方法可以推廣到解決車載其它EMC問(wèn)題較突出的系統(tǒng)研究中，能夠?yàn)榛旌蟿?dòng)力汽車EMC問(wèn)題研究提供理論和實(shí)踐指導(dǎo)。論文主要研究?jī)?nèi)容及取得的成果有： 1）采用消耗型鐵氧體磁環(huán)對(duì)直流電源變換系統(tǒng)線束EMI進(jìn)行排查，對(duì)多個(gè)線束上的EMI信號(hào)進(jìn)行獨(dú)立測(cè)量，獲得直流電源變換系統(tǒng)單獨(dú)產(chǎn)生的EMI水平。采用小波變換分解EMI信號(hào)并提取對(duì)應(yīng)的小波系數(shù)，基于各分解尺度下的小波系數(shù)計(jì)算出了干擾信號(hào)頻域內(nèi)的三種特征參數(shù)：累積能量參數(shù)、突變參數(shù)和不平衡參數(shù)，該特征參數(shù)能夠表征時(shí)域EMI信號(hào)的頻域特征。 2）通過(guò)對(duì)直流電源變換器系統(tǒng)EMI產(chǎn)生機(jī)理分析，建立了產(chǎn)生干擾振蕩波形的等效電路模型，并推導(dǎo)出振蕩波形的數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá)式，該數(shù)學(xué)模型能夠表征干擾波形的主要特征。在EMI傳播路徑研究過(guò)程中，依據(jù)變壓器主電路中變壓器的結(jié)構(gòu)和初次級(jí)線圈之間寄生電容的分布，建立了EMI通過(guò)變壓器的耦合路徑模型。推導(dǎo)出了EMI從初級(jí)繞組耦合到次級(jí)繞組的機(jī)理，并定性分析出降低EMI耦合作用的三種方法。 3）建立了直流電源變換器系統(tǒng)傳導(dǎo)EMI預(yù)測(cè)模型，包含的子模塊主要為：基于傳輸線理論的電纜模型、基于多軟件聯(lián)合仿真計(jì)算的變壓器和帶鐵芯電感的“實(shí)體-場(chǎng)-路”模型、干擾源的集中等效模型、基于靜電場(chǎng)有限元方法的寄生電容計(jì)算模型。將各個(gè)模塊的模型集合成系統(tǒng)仿真模型，，仿真計(jì)算得到系統(tǒng)的傳導(dǎo)EMI水平，并通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)比驗(yàn)證了該系統(tǒng)EMI預(yù)測(cè)模型的準(zhǔn)確性。 4）基于直流電源變換器系統(tǒng)差模和共模EMI傳播路徑，分別建立其等效電路模型，分析得出功率器件對(duì)機(jī)殼的寄生電容是影響系統(tǒng)共模EMI水平的重要因素，提出通過(guò)改變寄生電容大小的方法來(lái)改善系統(tǒng)EMI。通過(guò)仿真分析增大功率器件導(dǎo)熱片與散熱器之間導(dǎo)熱硅脂的填充厚度，減小導(dǎo)熱片與散熱器之間導(dǎo)熱硅脂的介電常數(shù)，以及減小功率模塊導(dǎo)熱片的面積這三種優(yōu)化方法，能夠有效地降低系統(tǒng)共模EMI水平，并根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)條件驗(yàn)證了前兩種優(yōu)化方法在低頻段抑制傳導(dǎo)EMI的正確性和有效性。 5）設(shè)計(jì)研究了電源變換器系統(tǒng)EMI濾波器。通過(guò)測(cè)量直流電源變換器系統(tǒng)干擾源內(nèi)阻抗和電源線EMI水平，建立濾波器的高頻等效電路模型并提取參數(shù)，通過(guò)對(duì)濾波器插入損耗的仿真驗(yàn)證了濾波器的有效性，并將設(shè)計(jì)制作的濾波器加入直流電源變換器系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行濾波效果驗(yàn)證，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明本文所設(shè)計(jì)的EMI濾波器能夠有效地抑制變換器系統(tǒng)電源線上的傳導(dǎo)EMI水平，并且彌補(bǔ)了導(dǎo)熱硅脂只能抑制低頻EMI的缺陷。
[Abstract]:Hybrid cars compared to the traditional automotive electromagnetic compatibility (Electromagnetic Compatibility EMC) problem is more prominent, strong electromagnetic interference of the automotive power generated by power electronic equipment (ElectromagneticInterference, EMI) will cause interference on the system itself and other systems. In order to solve the problem of the car EMC hybrid car power electronic system, this paper focuses on the study on on-board high-power DC power converter system EMC, master EMI measurement method, the system mechanism, propagation path, prediction model and optimization scheme, research ideas and methods of this paper can be generalized to solve other EMC system of vehicle is a prominent problem in providing theoretical and practical research on dynamic EMC problem hybrid car guidance. The main research contents and results are:
1) the consumption of ferrite magnetic investigation on DC power conversion system of wire harness EMI, independent measurement of EMI signal of a plurality of wire harness, DC power converter system independently generated EMI level. The wavelet coefficients using wavelet transform to decompose EMI signals and extract the corresponding wavelet coefficients, the scale is calculated three parameters in the frequency domain interference signal based on cumulative energy parameters, mutation parameters and unbalanced parameters, the parameters can characterize the frequency domain EMI signal.
2) through the analysis of the mechanism of DC power converter system EMI, established equivalent circuit model of interference waveform, and deduced the mathematical expression of oscillation waveform, this mathematical model can be used to characterize the main interference wave. In the transmission path of the EMI in the course of the study, based on the structure and distribution between the primary and secondary coils of transformer circuit the transformer parasitic capacitance, EMI is established by coupling path model of transformer is deduced. The mechanism of EMI from the primary winding is coupled to the secondary winding, and the qualitative analysis of three kinds of methods to reduce the coupling effect of EMI.
3) establish conduction EMI DC power converter system model, sub module mainly contains: cable model based on transmission line theory, based on multi software co simulation calculation of transformer and inductor iron "entity field circuit model, centralized equivalent model of interference source, calculation model of parasitic capacitance Co. finite element method based on the electrostatic field. The set of modules into a system simulation model, simulation system EMI transmission level, and verified by experiment of the system EMI the prediction accuracy of the model.
4) DC power converter system of differential mode and common mode EMI propagation path based on established the equivalent circuit model, analysis of parasitic capacitance of power device of the housing is an important factor that affects the system of common mode EMI level, proposed by changing the size of the parasitic capacitance to improve the EMI. system through simulation analysis of filling thickness increases between the power devices conducting sheet and radiator thermal grease, the decrease in dielectric constant between the conducting sheet and radiator thermal grease, and reduce the power module thermal film area of these three optimization methods can effectively reduce the EMI level low common mode system, and verify the correctness and effectiveness of the optimization method two EMI suppression at low frequency according to the experimental conditions.
5) design of EMI filter for power converter system. Through the power line impedance and EMI level measurement of DC power converter system interference source, a filter high frequency equivalent circuit model and parameter extraction, through the simulation of the filter insertion loss to verify the effectiveness of the filter, and the filter design with DC power converter system for filtering effect verification, the experimental results show that EMI filter designed in this paper can effectively restrain the power line transmission converter system EMI level, and make up for the defects of thermal grease can only inhibit the low frequency of EMI.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM46

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