本文關(guān)鍵詞： 晶閘管 交流調(diào)壓 節(jié)能控制器 異步電動(dòng)機(jī)　出處：《華南理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)與經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，人類對于能源的需求越來越大，如何更好地實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)能減排，已成為全世界關(guān)注的話題。異步電動(dòng)機(jī)在日常生活，尤其是工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中扮演著非常重要的角色，是電能的主要消耗者。在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中，由于各種原因，，異步電動(dòng)機(jī)經(jīng)常運(yùn)行在空載或輕載的狀況下，此狀況下電機(jī)功率因數(shù)低、效率低、造成較大的電能浪費(fèi)。因此，研制一款實(shí)用的異步電動(dòng)機(jī)節(jié)能控制器，對降低能耗、減少企業(yè)生產(chǎn)成本具有十分重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 論文首先從理論上分析了對電動(dòng)機(jī)進(jìn)行交流調(diào)壓節(jié)能的原理。在此基礎(chǔ)上，利用晶閘管的可關(guān)斷特性，提出不測量電壓和電流相位，只測量電壓電流過零點(diǎn)時(shí)間差來確定功率因數(shù)的方法，進(jìn)而確定以功率因數(shù)作為控制變量，以觸發(fā)角作為輸出變量的控制方案。在Matlab上搭建了異步電動(dòng)機(jī)節(jié)能控制器的仿真模型并對結(jié)果進(jìn)行了分析。 之后，對節(jié)能控制器的硬件和軟件分別進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)。硬件設(shè)計(jì)包括主要元器件的選型、電壓同步信號(hào)電路、電流過零點(diǎn)檢測電路以及晶閘管觸發(fā)電路等的設(shè)計(jì)，主控制芯片選擇的是STM32。軟件設(shè)計(jì)包括了嵌入式實(shí)時(shí)操作系統(tǒng)c/os-II的搭建與移植、電壓電流過零點(diǎn)檢測子程序、觸發(fā)角計(jì)算與調(diào)整子程序和晶閘管觸發(fā)脈沖發(fā)送子程序等的設(shè)計(jì)。 最后，搭建了實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)，進(jìn)行了相關(guān)的測試。實(shí)驗(yàn)波形和實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)表明，本文設(shè)計(jì)的節(jié)能控制系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了所要求的控制功能，取得了較好的節(jié)能效果。對經(jīng)常處于空載或者輕載，尤其是周期性負(fù)載條件下的異步電動(dòng)機(jī)節(jié)能效果最佳。
[Abstract]:With the development of society and economy, the demand for energy is increasing. How to achieve better energy saving and emission reduction has become a topic of concern all over the world. Especially in industrial production, it plays a very important role and is the main consumer of electric energy. In practical application, asynchronous motor often runs in the condition of no load or light load for various reasons, in which the power factor of the motor is low. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop a practical energy saving controller for asynchronous motors to reduce energy consumption and reduce the production cost of enterprises. In this paper, the principle of AC voltage regulation and energy saving for motor is analyzed theoretically. Based on this, the non-measurement of voltage and current phase is proposed by using the turn-off characteristic of thyristor. The method of determining the power factor only by measuring the time difference between voltage and current over 00:00, and then determining the power factor as the control variable. Based on the control scheme with trigger angle as output variable, the simulation model of energy saving controller for asynchronous motor is built on Matlab and the results are analyzed. After that, the hardware and software of the energy saving controller are designed respectively. The hardware design includes the selection of main components, the voltage synchronous signal circuit, the current detection circuit after 00:00 and the thyristor trigger circuit, etc. The main control chip is STM32.The software design includes the construction and transplantation of the embedded real-time operating system c / r / os-II, the subroutine of detecting voltage and current over 00:00, the subroutine of calculating and adjusting the trigger angle and the design of the thyristor trigger pulse sending subroutine, etc. Finally, the experimental platform is built, and the relevant tests are carried out. The experimental waveforms and experimental data show that the energy saving control system designed in this paper achieves the required control functions. The best energy saving effect is obtained for asynchronous motor, which is usually in the condition of no load or light load, especially under periodic load.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM343.2

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