本文關(guān)鍵詞： 微型逆變器 交錯(cuò)反激拓?fù)?安規(guī)保護(hù) 電流調(diào)制算法 MPPT算法 孤島算法 軟件鎖相算法 電力局域網(wǎng) 自適應(yīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型　出處：《上海交通大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著工業(yè)社會(huì)的發(fā)展,人類對(duì)能源需求進(jìn)一步增加,煤、石油和天然氣作為常規(guī)能源,占有絕地的比重。但是化石能源儲(chǔ)存量有限,越來越滿足不了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的需求。人類為爭(zhēng)奪能源而爆發(fā)的局部沖突甚至國(guó)家戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)屢見不鮮;另一方面,化石燃料的大量消耗,加劇了環(huán)境污染,惡化了地球生存環(huán)境,因此必須發(fā)展可持續(xù)的能源,緩解當(dāng)前能源危機(jī)。太陽能作為全球最清潔的能源,受到各國(guó)政府的重視,各國(guó)政府已經(jīng)針對(duì)太陽能制定了光伏發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,鼓勵(lì)人們開發(fā)利用光伏發(fā)電。微型逆變器作為光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的核心部件,顯著地提高了整個(gè)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的效率,有效的解決了傳統(tǒng)集中式逆變器面臨的陰影和熱斑問題,系統(tǒng)安裝既方便又靈活,真正實(shí)現(xiàn)組件級(jí)最大功率點(diǎn)跟蹤。因此具有極大的商業(yè)價(jià)值和實(shí)用價(jià)值,在光伏逆變系統(tǒng)中獨(dú)樹一幟。本文首先介紹世界各國(guó)光伏發(fā)展政策和當(dāng)前太陽能電池技術(shù)發(fā)展趨勢(shì),重點(diǎn)分析了太陽能光伏并網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)三種主流解決方案;針對(duì)微型光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器的硬件設(shè)計(jì),本文采用高效的交錯(cuò)反激變換器拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu),給出微型光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器核心模塊的硬件設(shè)計(jì),從安規(guī)隔離角度將微型并網(wǎng)逆變器分為原邊系統(tǒng)和副邊系統(tǒng),分別就主功率拓?fù)�、控制回路和輔助電源回路給出了工作原理分析和硬件設(shè)計(jì)方案;與硬件系統(tǒng)相對(duì)應(yīng),微型光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器軟件設(shè)計(jì)也分為原邊系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)和副邊系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)兩個(gè)部分。針對(duì)微型光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器原邊系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì),詳細(xì)給出了電流開環(huán)模式下微型逆變器DCM算法原理,提出了自適應(yīng)BCM算法,實(shí)現(xiàn)微型逆變器高效的電流調(diào)制,顯著地降低了電流諧波分量;在分析了微型逆變器系統(tǒng)中光伏電池PV工作特性的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合經(jīng)典的擾動(dòng)觀察法控制思想,提出了基于bang-bang控制思想的改進(jìn)的MPPT算法,不需檢測(cè)直流電流也能達(dá)到很好的動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)和穩(wěn)態(tài)精度;在研究Sandia主動(dòng)孤島算法優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了基于頻率跳變的Sandia主動(dòng)孤島算法,提高了孤島發(fā)生時(shí)故障檢測(cè)的靈敏度。針對(duì)微型逆變器副邊系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì),在研究d-q同步鎖相算法工作原理的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了基于bang-bang控制的d-q軟件鎖相算法,實(shí)現(xiàn)與電網(wǎng)的精確同步;針對(duì)電力局域網(wǎng)的特點(diǎn),提出了基于電力線載波通信的自適應(yīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型,并給出微型逆變器副邊網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址獲取算法,實(shí)現(xiàn)了分布式網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信和組件級(jí)監(jiān)控;在綜合軟硬件設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ)上,研制一臺(tái)250W微型光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器實(shí)驗(yàn)樣機(jī),給出了主要算法的測(cè)試波形;最后對(duì)微型光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器當(dāng)前需要解決的問題和今后發(fā)展方向給出了一些個(gè)人建議。
[Abstract]:With the development of industrial society, human demand for energy has increased further. Coal, oil and natural gas, as conventional sources of energy, account for a large proportion of the total. But fossil energy stocks are limited. The local conflicts and even national wars that have broken out to fight for energy are common. On the other hand, the massive consumption of fossil fuels has aggravated environmental pollution and worsened the living environment of the earth. Therefore, it is necessary to develop sustainable energy and alleviate the current energy crisis. Solar energy, as the cleanest energy in the world, has attracted the attention of the governments of all countries, which have formulated a photovoltaic development strategy for solar energy. As the core component of photovoltaic power generation system, micro-inverter can significantly improve the efficiency of the whole power generation system and effectively solve the problems of shadow and heat spot faced by the traditional centralized inverter. The installation of the system is convenient and flexible, and the component level maximum power point tracking is realized. Therefore, it has great commercial value and practical value. This paper first introduces the development policy of photovoltaic in the world and the current development trend of solar cell technology, focusing on the analysis of three main solutions of solar photovoltaic grid-connected system; Aiming at the hardware design of miniature photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, this paper presents the hardware design of the core module of micro-photovoltaic grid-connected inverter by adopting efficient topology structure of interleaved flyback converter. The miniature grid-connected inverter is divided into primary side system and auxiliary side system from the angle of safety isolation. The working principle analysis and hardware design scheme of main power topology, control loop and auxiliary power supply circuit are given respectively, which correspond to hardware system. The software design of miniature photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is also divided into two parts: primary side system design and auxiliary side system design. Aiming at the design of the original edge system of miniature photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, the principle of DCM algorithm for miniature inverter in open-loop mode is given in detail. An adaptive BCM algorithm is proposed to realize the efficient current modulation of the miniature inverter, which can significantly reduce the harmonic component of the current, and on the basis of analyzing the PV characteristics of the photovoltaic cell in the miniature inverter system, Combined with the classical disturbance observation control idea, an improved MPPT algorithm based on bang-bang control is proposed, which can achieve good dynamic response and steady-state accuracy without detecting DC current. On the basis of studying the advantages and disadvantages of Sandia active islanding algorithm, an improved MPPT algorithm is proposed. An active islanding algorithm for Sandia based on frequency hopping is proposed, which improves the sensitivity of fault detection when the isolated island occurs. For the design of auxiliary side system of miniature inverter, the working principle of d-q synchronous phase-locking algorithm is studied. In this paper, a d-q software phase-locking algorithm based on bang-bang control is proposed to realize precise synchronization with the power network, and an adaptive network model based on power line carrier communication is proposed according to the characteristics of power LAN. The algorithm of obtaining sub-side network address of miniature inverter is presented, which realizes distributed network communication and component-level monitoring. On the basis of comprehensive software and hardware design, an experimental prototype of 250W miniature photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is developed. The test waveforms of the main algorithms are given, and some personal suggestions are given for the problems that need to be solved and the future development of the miniature photovoltaic grid-connected inverters.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM464
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本文編號(hào)：1544298