本文關(guān)鍵詞： 有機(jī)太陽能電池 銀納米顆粒 二氧化硅包覆 隔離層 能量轉(zhuǎn)化效率　出處：《太原理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：化石能源日益消耗,迫切需要發(fā)展新能源,太陽能以其資源豐富、無需運(yùn)輸、對環(huán)境無污染等優(yōu)點(diǎn),受到各國的追捧。其中,太陽能電池是太陽能利用的一個重要方面。與無機(jī)太陽能電池相比,有機(jī)太能電池具有質(zhì)輕、工藝簡單、材料來源廣泛且可塑性強(qiáng)、可加工在柔性襯底上等一系列優(yōu)點(diǎn),在工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)上具有更大的應(yīng)用潛力。目前,制約有機(jī)太陽能電池發(fā)展的主要瓶頸是能量轉(zhuǎn)化效率低,達(dá)不到產(chǎn)業(yè)化的要求,因此,提高有機(jī)太陽能電池的能量轉(zhuǎn)化效率成為各國科學(xué)家的研究熱點(diǎn)。利用金屬納米顆粒的表面等離子體共振效應(yīng)提高太陽能電池的光吸收,已經(jīng)成為提高太陽能電池能量轉(zhuǎn)化效率的一種有效技術(shù)。本論文針對裸的金屬顆粒會導(dǎo)致激子淬滅、載流子復(fù)合的問題,提出將包覆型銀納米顆粒摻雜在有機(jī)太陽能電池中或插入隔離層將金屬顆粒與光敏層隔開,以更有效地提高太陽能電池的能量轉(zhuǎn)化效率。 本文首先合成并表征了銀納米顆粒(AgNPs)及二氧化硅包覆的銀納米顆粒(Ag@SiO2),然后在對標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的P3HT:PCBM體系太陽能電池優(yōu)化的基礎(chǔ)上,將AgNPs或Ag@SiO2引入到器件中,研究了AgNPs的局域表面等離子體共振效應(yīng)以及包覆層、隔離層對有機(jī)太陽能電池能量轉(zhuǎn)化效率的影響,具體工作如下： 1、利用液相還原法制備形貌、大小可控的AgNPs,并利用TEOS水解對平均粒徑為30nm的AgNPs進(jìn)行二氧化硅包覆,通過調(diào)節(jié)酸堿度和TEOS的添加濃度,制備了包覆厚度為6～8nm左右的核殼銀納米顆粒Ag@SiO2。 2、通過調(diào)整P3HT:PCBM溶液的比例、濃度,薄膜的厚度以及熱退火工藝,優(yōu)化P3HT:PCBM體系有機(jī)太陽能電池的性能。結(jié)果表明：P3HT:PCBM薄膜厚度為220nm,退火溫度為120℃,退火時間為10min時器件的能量轉(zhuǎn)換效率最高,達(dá)到2.6%。 3、為了比較研究,本文首先將AgNPs引入到上述優(yōu)化的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電池的緩沖層中,研究了不同粒徑、不同濃度AgNPs對有機(jī)太陽能電池性能的影響。結(jié)果表明：添加30nm AgNPs的器件性能優(yōu)于添加70nm AgNPs的器件,且添加濃度為3mg/ml、粒徑為30nm的AgNPs的器件能量轉(zhuǎn)化效率最高,為3.08%,相比于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)器件提高了18.5%。 4、在上述研究的基礎(chǔ)上,在摻雜緩沖層PEDOT:PSS+AgNPs和光敏層P3HT:PCBM之間引入純PEDOT:PSS作為隔離層,研究了隔離層的厚度對有機(jī)太陽能電池性能的影響。結(jié)果表明：當(dāng)隔離層厚度為10nm時器件的能量轉(zhuǎn)化效率最大,達(dá)到3.15%,相比于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)器件提高21.2%,與無隔離層的AgNPs摻雜器件相比能量轉(zhuǎn)化效率進(jìn)一步提高。 5、最后將Ag@SiO2分別摻雜到緩沖層和光敏層中,研究了不同顆粒濃度對有機(jī)太陽能電池性能的影響。結(jié)果表明：Ag@SiO2可以更有效地提高器件性能。摻雜到緩沖層時,當(dāng)添加濃度為3ng/ml,器件效率最高可達(dá)3.23%,相比于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)器件增加了24.2%；摻雜到光敏層時,添加濃度為1mg/ml,器件效率最高可達(dá)3.22%,相比于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)器件增加了23.8%。
[Abstract]:With the increasing consumption of fossil energy, there is an urgent need to develop new sources of energy. Solar energy, with its rich resources, no need to transport and no pollution to the environment, has been sought after by all countries. Compared with inorganic solar cells, organic solar cells have a series of advantages, such as light weight, simple process, wide source of materials and strong plasticity, and can be processed on flexible substrates. At present, the main bottleneck restricting the development of organic solar cells is the low efficiency of energy conversion, which can not meet the requirements of industrialization. Improving the energy conversion efficiency of organic solar cells has become a research hotspot of scientists all over the world. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of metal nanoparticles is used to improve the light absorption of solar cells. It has become an effective technology to improve the energy conversion efficiency of solar cells. In this paper, we aim at the problem that bare metal particles can lead to exciton quenching and carrier recombination. In order to improve the energy conversion efficiency of solar cells, it is proposed that the coated silver nanoparticles are doped in organic solar cells or inserted into the isolation layer to separate metal particles from Guang Min layer in order to improve the energy conversion efficiency of solar cells more effectively. In this paper, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silica coated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silica coated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized and characterized. Then AgNPs or Ag@SiO2 were introduced into the devices based on the optimization of standard P3HT: PCBM solar cells. The local surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of AgNPs and the influence of the coating layer and isolation layer on the energy conversion efficiency of organic solar cells are studied. 1. AgNPs with controlled size and morphology were prepared by liquid phase reduction method. AgNPs with average diameter of 30 nm was coated with silica by TEOS hydrolysis. The pH and the concentration of TEOS were adjusted. The core-shell silver nanoparticles (AgSiO2) with a thickness of about 6 ~ 8 nm were prepared. 2. The performance of organic solar cells in P3HT: PCBM system was optimized by adjusting the ratio, concentration, thickness and thermal annealing process of P3HT: PCBM solution. The results showed that the thickness of P3HT: PCBM was 220 nm and the annealing temperature was 120 鈩，

本文編號：1535129