本文關鍵詞： 風力發(fā)電 永磁同步發(fā)電機 低電壓穿越 功率跟蹤 切換功率曲線　出處：《廣東工業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著社會的發(fā)展,能源已成為制約人類社會發(fā)展的重要因素。大量化石能源的使用,特別是煤炭的大量燃燒、汽車尾氣等對環(huán)境影響極大,國內各地霧霾日趨嚴重,已嚴重影響到人們的日常生活。以風能利用為代表的各類可再生能源,已成為解決這些問題的重要手段,日益受到重視。永磁同步風力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)運行效率高、維護成本低、控制方便,適于低風速環(huán)境運行,是風力發(fā)電的主流方向。近年來,并網風電容量不斷增加,一旦發(fā)生電網電壓跌落故障,嚴重時可能會引起風力機脫網,進而影響電網穩(wěn)定性,甚至引發(fā)電網崩潰。因此,研究提高永磁直驅風電系統(tǒng)的低電壓穿越能力,對提高電網穩(wěn)定性,改善電能質量具有重大的意義。分析了國內外風力發(fā)電的歷史與發(fā)展現狀,研究多種提高永磁風電系統(tǒng)低電壓穿越能力的方法。通過分析永磁風力發(fā)電機設計特點和方法,應用場路結合法完成了一臺2MW直驅外轉子永磁同步風力發(fā)電機電磁設計方案。應用ANSYS軟件,建立發(fā)電機二維電磁場模型,研究發(fā)電機在空載、額定負載、短路工況下的磁鏈、反電勢等電磁性能。通過分析永磁直驅風電系統(tǒng)的原理、工作特性及各部件運行特點,構建了風力機、永磁同步發(fā)電機、全功率變流器及直流環(huán)節(jié)等部件的數學模型,為研究低電壓控制策略提供理論基礎。研究了全功率變流器的控制策略：機側變流器采用電流內環(huán)和功率外環(huán)雙閉環(huán)控制策略,網側變流器采用電壓外環(huán)和電流內環(huán)的雙閉環(huán)控制結構,分析了低電壓跌落理論、永磁直驅風電系統(tǒng)在電壓跌落過程中的動態(tài)響應過程。提出功率跟蹤優(yōu)化策略實現低電壓穿越控制：通過切換功率曲線,將直流側的電壓不平衡轉化為發(fā)電機的機械功率與電磁功率的不平衡,最后反映到發(fā)電機轉速的變化。提出一種基于改進的控制策略,將反映發(fā)電機瞬時有功功率信息作為前饋補償量,作為網側d軸電流的給定,及時跟蹤發(fā)電機輸出有功功率的變化,實時穩(wěn)定直流側電壓,并與采用Crowbar保護電路的方案進行了對比分析,在Matlab/simulink仿真平臺上驗證了所提方法的有效性。
[Abstract]:With the development of society, energy has become an important factor restricting the development of human society. The use of a large amount of fossil energy, especially the combustion of coal, the automobile exhaust and so on, have a great impact on the environment. The haze in various parts of China is becoming more and more serious. All kinds of renewable energy, represented by wind energy utilization, have become an important means to solve these problems, and have been paid more and more attention. Permanent magnet synchronous wind power system has high operating efficiency and low maintenance cost. In recent years, the capacity of grid-connected wind power has been increasing continuously, once the power grid voltage sag occurs, it may cause the wind turbine to get off the grid seriously. Therefore, to improve the low voltage traversing ability of permanent magnet direct drive wind power system, it is necessary to improve the stability of power grid. It is of great significance to improve the power quality. This paper analyzes the history and development of wind power generation at home and abroad, studies various methods to improve the low voltage traversing ability of permanent magnet wind power system, and analyzes the design characteristics and methods of permanent magnet wind generator. The electromagnetic design scheme of a 2MW direct-drive external rotor permanent magnet synchronous wind generator is completed by using the field-circuit method. Using ANSYS software, the two-dimensional electromagnetic field model of the generator is established, and the flux chain of the generator under no-load, rated load and short-circuit conditions is studied. By analyzing the principle, working characteristics and operation characteristics of permanent magnet direct drive wind power system, the mathematical models of wind turbine, permanent magnet synchronous generator, full power converter and DC link are built. In order to provide the theoretical basis for the study of low voltage control strategy, the control strategy of full power converter is studied: the current inner loop and the power outer loop are used in the machine side converter. The voltage outer loop and current inner loop are used in the grid-side converter, and the theory of low voltage drop is analyzed. Dynamic response process of permanent magnet direct drive wind power system during voltage drop. A power tracking optimization strategy is proposed to realize low voltage traversing control. The voltage imbalance of DC side is transformed into the imbalance of mechanical power and electromagnetic power of generator, and the change of generator speed is reflected at last. A new control strategy based on improved control strategy is proposed. The instantaneous active power information of the generator is used as feedforward compensation, and as a given d-axis current of the grid side, the change of the output active power of the generator is followed in time, and the DC side voltage is stabilized in real time. The proposed method is compared with the scheme using Crowbar protection circuit, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified on the Matlab/simulink simulation platform.
【學位授予單位】：廣東工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TM614

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本文編號：1528958