發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-12 21:20

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 氣體絕緣開(kāi)關(guān)設(shè)備 局部放電 特高頻 澆注孔 蝶形天線(xiàn)　出處：《華北電力大學(xué)(北京)》2014年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：運(yùn)行中的大多數(shù)氣體絕緣開(kāi)關(guān)設(shè)備(gas insulated switchgear, GIS)上未安裝內(nèi)置式特高頻(ultra-high-frequency,UHF)傳感器,并且盆式絕緣子被金屬法蘭覆蓋,因此,常規(guī)的檢測(cè)方法無(wú)法檢測(cè)其內(nèi)部局部放電的UHF信號(hào),檢測(cè)金屬法蘭澆注孔處輻射出來(lái)的UHF信號(hào)成為實(shí)現(xiàn)GIS局部放電UHF檢測(cè)的唯一方法。同無(wú)金屬法蘭結(jié)構(gòu)的裸盆子相比,金屬法蘭澆注孔的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)和狹小尺寸會(huì)對(duì)局部放電UHF電磁波造成極大程度的衰減,而且傳播出來(lái)的電磁波的特性也發(fā)生變化。因此,如果仍舊采用常規(guī)的外置式UHF傳感器檢測(cè)澆注孔處的局部放電信號(hào),檢測(cè)靈敏度會(huì)大幅度的降低,無(wú)法滿(mǎn)足GIS設(shè)備故障帶電檢測(cè)的靈敏度要求。本課題旨在研究與開(kāi)發(fā)專(zhuān)用于澆注孔式的局部放電UHF傳感器,以提高GIS局部放電檢測(cè)的靈敏度。本文研究了局部放電UHF電磁波通過(guò)澆注孔后的傳播衰減特性。理論分析中,采用電磁屏蔽技術(shù)中的孔隙電磁泄露理論,得出電場(chǎng)方向平行于孔的短邊的電磁波更容易從孔中傳播出來(lái),垂直方向的電磁波會(huì)極大程度的被衰減掉；隨著入射電磁波頻率的逐漸升高,澆注孔的屏蔽效能(Shielding Effectiveness, SE)逐漸下降,如45×20mm澆注孔在0.85GHz處SE為20dB,頻率增大到1.71GHz后,SE幾乎降為0dB；澆注孔的長(zhǎng)邊尺寸越長(zhǎng),可以通過(guò)信號(hào)的頻段范圍越寬,如通過(guò)45×20mm澆注孔的信號(hào)主要頻率范圍在0.85GHz以上,55×20mm時(shí)降低到0.68GHz。仿真計(jì)算中,基于時(shí)域有限差分法(FDTD)仿真了局部放電UHF信號(hào)在GIS中的傳播過(guò)程,重點(diǎn)分析和對(duì)比了澆注孔表面和裸盆子表面的電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度分布和頻譜特性。研究表明,澆注孔處UHF信號(hào)的電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度主分量的方向平行于孔的短邊,比其他兩個(gè)方向信號(hào)強(qiáng)約30dB,可以認(rèn)為是線(xiàn)極化電磁波,主要能量集中在0.8～2GHz之間；裸盆子表面的信號(hào)的電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度的方向分布相對(duì)要均勻很多,線(xiàn)極化程度很弱。試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證中,在252kV GIS平臺(tái)上進(jìn)行了局放檢測(cè),與理論和仿真的結(jié)論取得了較好的一致性。通過(guò)分形理論、電阻加載和背腔技術(shù)研制了蝶形天線(xiàn),其在0.8-2GHz上的平均等效高度達(dá)到常規(guī)天線(xiàn)的2.6倍；給矩形波導(dǎo)加脊處理,研制了雙脊波導(dǎo)天線(xiàn),平均等效高度為常規(guī)天線(xiàn)的1.7倍。搭建了252kV GIS局部放電UHF信號(hào)檢測(cè)平臺(tái),制作了3種故障模型：高壓電極、氣泡放電和沿面放電故障。分析了局部放電UHF信號(hào)通過(guò)不同尺寸的澆注孔后的頻帶分布；試驗(yàn)證明了局放UHF信號(hào)澆注孔式檢測(cè)的方法是可行的；測(cè)試表明,蝶形天線(xiàn)檢測(cè)GIS局部放電澆注孔處UHF信號(hào)的靈敏度達(dá)到了15pC以下。
[Abstract]:Most gas insulated switches in operation are not equipped with built-in ultra-high-frequency ultra-high-frequency UHF sensors, and the basin insulators are covered with metal flanges. Therefore, conventional detection methods are unable to detect UHF signals from their internal partial discharges. Detecting the UHF signals radiated from the pouring holes of metal flanges is the only way to detect GIS partial discharge (GIS) UHF. The special structure and small size of metal flange pouring hole will cause great attenuation to partial discharge (UHF) electromagnetic wave, and the characteristic of electromagnetic wave will change. If the conventional external UHF sensor is still used to detect the PD signal at the gating hole, the detection sensitivity will be greatly reduced. The purpose of this paper is to study and develop a partial discharge UHF sensor for pouring holes. In order to improve the sensitivity of GIS partial discharge detection, the propagation and attenuation characteristics of partial discharge UHF electromagnetic wave passing through pouring holes are studied in this paper. In the theoretical analysis, the electromagnetic leakage theory of pore in electromagnetic shielding technology is used. It is concluded that the electromagnetic wave along the short side of the hole in the direction of the electric field is more easily propagated from the hole, and the electromagnetic wave in the vertical direction will be decayed to a great extent; as the frequency of the incident electromagnetic wave increases, The shielding efficiency of the casting hole and the shielding efficiency of the casting hole are gradually decreasing. For example, the SE of the 45 脳 20mm pouring hole is 20dB at 0.85 GHz, and the frequency increases to 1.71GHz and the SE decreases to 0dB.The longer the size of the long side of the pouring hole, the wider the frequency range of the signal. If the main frequency range of 45 脳 20mm pouring hole is reduced to 0.68 GHz when the main frequency range is above 0.85 GHz, the propagation process of partial discharge UHF signal in GIS is simulated based on finite difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The distribution of electric field intensity on the surface of the pouring hole and the surface of the bare pot are analyzed and compared. The results show that the direction of the principal component of the electric field intensity of the UHF signal at the pouring hole is parallel to the short side of the hole. Compared with the other two directional signals, it can be considered as a linear polarized electromagnetic wave with the main energy concentrated in the range of 0.82GHz. The directional distribution of the electric field intensity of the signal on the surface of the bare pot is much more uniform, and the degree of linear polarization is very weak. The PD detection on 252kV GIS platform is in good agreement with the conclusions of theory and simulation. The butterfly antenna is developed by fractal theory, resistor loading and back cavity technology. The average equivalent height of the antenna at 0.8-2GHz is 2.6 times that of the conventional antenna, the double ridge waveguide antenna is developed by ridging the rectangular waveguide, and the average equivalent height is 1.7 times that of the conventional antenna. The detection platform of 252kV GIS partial discharge (UHF) signal is built. Three fault models are made: high voltage electrode, bubble discharge and surface discharge fault. The frequency band distribution of partial discharge UHF signal through different size pouring holes is analyzed. The test results show that the method of partial discharge (UHF) signal gating hole detection is feasible, and the sensitivity of butterfly antenna to detect UHF signal at GIS partial discharge gating hole is less than 15pC.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM595

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