發(fā)布時間：2018-02-04 06:54

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 無刷直流電機 導(dǎo)通方式 無位置傳感器控制 滑模觀測器 直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：無刷直流電機由于成本低廉，轉(zhuǎn)矩密度高等優(yōu)點而被廣泛應(yīng)用于工業(yè)領(lǐng)域。傳統(tǒng)無刷直流電機位置檢測通常通過位置傳感器實現(xiàn)，為了降低成本，同時由于在高溫、高壓等應(yīng)用場合下位置傳感器存在失效問題，無刷直流電機的無位置傳感器控制成為了目前研究的熱點。傳統(tǒng)的位置檢測方法在高功率等應(yīng)用場合容易失效，且受到導(dǎo)通方式限制，嚴(yán)重影響了無位置傳感器控制的應(yīng)用范圍。此外，無刷直流電機傳統(tǒng)換相導(dǎo)通控制方式轉(zhuǎn)矩波動通常較大，有必要研究轉(zhuǎn)矩波動抑制算法。 論文首先分析了無刷直流電機三種不同的導(dǎo)通方式下的導(dǎo)通邏輯，對比分析了不同導(dǎo)通方式下無刷直流電機轉(zhuǎn)矩波動的大小。建立了三種導(dǎo)通控制方式的仿真模型，分析了導(dǎo)通方式對無刷直流電機電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩波動的影響，以及在直流母線電壓不變時提高驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)輸出轉(zhuǎn)矩的方法。通過研究不同導(dǎo)通方式下相電壓與相反電勢的關(guān)系，分析了傳統(tǒng)相電壓過零點法的應(yīng)用制約問題。 其次，針對傳統(tǒng)位置檢測方法在相電流續(xù)流嚴(yán)重時失效，且受導(dǎo)通方式限制的問題，論文中提出了基于滑模觀測器的位置估算方法。針對滑模觀測器的抖振問題，研究了改進的切換函數(shù)，抑制了輸出信號中的高頻噪聲。針對傳統(tǒng)滑模觀測器中輸出信號存在的幅值衰減和相移等問題，提出了擴展?fàn)顟B(tài)自適應(yīng)滑模觀測器，采用Matlab/Simulink進行了仿真分析，仿真結(jié)果驗證了該滑模觀測器估算位置信號不受導(dǎo)通方式及相電流續(xù)流的影響。 再次，針對無刷直流電機傳統(tǒng)換相導(dǎo)通控制方式下轉(zhuǎn)矩波動較大的問題，，研究了直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制方法。針對傳統(tǒng)直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制復(fù)雜且定子磁鏈計算誤差較大的問題，提出了基于滑模觀測器的改進直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制方法。同時研究了三種扇區(qū)劃分方式下該直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制方法的實現(xiàn)，并建立了仿真模型，分析了不同扇區(qū)劃分方式下相電流的諧波含量，研究了不同工作狀態(tài)下合理的扇區(qū)劃分策略，以達到減小電機損耗的目的。 最后，基于TMS320F2812設(shè)計了無刷直流電機控制系統(tǒng)實驗平臺，通過實驗驗證了擴展?fàn)顟B(tài)滑模觀測器算法的正確性與可行性，分析并實驗驗證了位置估算誤差原因，并提出了誤差抑制方法。
[Abstract]:Brushless DC motor is widely used in industrial field because of its low cost and high torque density. Traditional brushless DC motor position detection is usually realized by position sensor in order to reduce the cost. At the same time, due to the high temperature, high pressure and other applications of the position sensor failure problem. The sensorless control of brushless DC motor (BLDCM) has become a hot topic. The traditional position detection method is easy to fail in high power and other applications, and is limited by the conduction mode. The application of sensorless control is seriously affected. In addition, the torque ripple of the traditional commutation control mode of brushless DC motor is usually large, so it is necessary to study the torque ripple suppression algorithm. Firstly, the paper analyzes the conduction logic of brushless DC motor under three different conduction modes. The torque ripple of brushless DC motor under different conduction modes is compared and analyzed. The simulation models of three kinds of conduction control modes are established and the influence of conduction mode on electromagnetic torque ripple of brushless DC motor is analyzed. The method of increasing the output torque of the drive system under the condition of constant DC bus voltage is also presented. By studying the relationship between the phase voltage and the opposite potential under different conduction modes, the application constraints of the traditional phase voltage over 00:00 method are analyzed. Secondly, aiming at the problem that the traditional position detection method is invalid when the phase current continuation is serious, and is limited by the conduction mode. In this paper, a position estimation method based on sliding mode observer is proposed. For the chattering problem of sliding mode observer, the improved switching function is studied. The high frequency noise in the output signal is suppressed. Aiming at the problems of amplitude attenuation and phase shift of the output signal in the traditional sliding mode observer, an extended state adaptive sliding mode observer is proposed. The simulation results with Matlab/Simulink show that the proposed sliding mode observer is not affected by the on-on mode and the phase current continuation. Thirdly, aiming at the problem of high torque ripple in the traditional commutation control mode of brushless DC motor. The direct torque control (DTC) method is studied. The traditional DTC is complex and the stator flux calculation error is large. An improved direct torque control method based on sliding mode observer is proposed. At the same time, the realization of the direct torque control method based on three sectors is studied, and the simulation model is established. The harmonic content of phase current in different sector partition modes is analyzed and the reasonable sector division strategy under different working conditions is studied in order to reduce the loss of the motor. Finally, the experimental platform of brushless DC motor control system is designed based on TMS320F2812, and the correctness and feasibility of the extended state sliding mode observer algorithm are verified by experiments. The reason of position estimation error is analyzed and verified experimentally, and an error suppression method is proposed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM33

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