本文關(guān)鍵詞： 充電機(jī) PWM變換器 DC/DC 功率前饋 無差拍 多階段恒流　出處：《湖南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：電動汽車作為一種高效、節(jié)能、零排放的交通工具，將成為未來城市的主導(dǎo)。而對電動汽車充電機(jī)的研究，將直接影響未來電動汽車的發(fā)展。電動汽車充電系統(tǒng)為動力蓄電池提供能量補給，是電動汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)的重要支撐系統(tǒng)，也是電動汽車商業(yè)化過程中的一個重要環(huán)節(jié)。由于充電設(shè)施中的非線性、沖擊性以及不對稱負(fù)荷所產(chǎn)生的諧波引起電能質(zhì)量指標(biāo)惡化，干擾了電力設(shè)備及電氣負(fù)載的正常運行，所以本文研究了一種雙向、高功率因數(shù)、低諧波的電動汽車充電機(jī)。本文主要從以下幾個方面進(jìn)行研究： （1）首先分析了傳統(tǒng)電動汽車充電機(jī)的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理。傳統(tǒng)電動汽車充電機(jī)一般采用兩級式結(jié)構(gòu)，即前級不可控整流電路和后級DC/DC變換器電路。由于這種充電機(jī)存在功率因數(shù)低、諧波含量高等問題，所以本文提出了一種高效雙向的電動汽車充電機(jī)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)，即前級采用三相PWM變換器電路與后級采用帶隔離半橋推挽DC/DC變換器電路，對其工作原理進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)分析。 （2）通過分析電動汽車蓄電池充電特性，在常規(guī)充電和快速充電方式的基礎(chǔ)上提出了一種多階段恒流充電方式。針對雙向電動汽車充電機(jī)的前級三相PWM變換器提出了一種功率前饋電流無差拍控制策略，實現(xiàn)了系統(tǒng)快速、無差跟蹤；針對后級DC/DC變換器提出了一種電壓電流雙閉環(huán)控制策略，，實現(xiàn)了系統(tǒng)的高效充放電。通過仿真驗證了所提控制方法的正確性和有效性。文中還對所提控制策略進(jìn)行了穩(wěn)定性分析，結(jié)果表明控制策略具有良好的穩(wěn)定性。 （3）簡單介紹了數(shù)字信號處理DSP工作原理與特點，并對事件管理器中的通用定時器、PWM信號產(chǎn)生與捕獲單元進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)說明。對電動汽車充電機(jī)的控制子系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)闡述，其中包括過零中斷模塊、采樣與數(shù)據(jù)處理模塊、有功分量計算模塊、前級功率前饋電流無差拍控制模塊、后級電壓電流雙閉環(huán)控制模塊。為保證整個系統(tǒng)安全、可靠運行，采用了軟件保護(hù)子系統(tǒng)。 （4）為驗證本文所提出拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)的實用性，研制了一臺額定功率為20kW的高效雙向電動汽車充電機(jī)，并詳細(xì)說明了裝置的主電路和控制電路設(shè)計方案。實驗結(jié)果表明本文研究的高效雙向電動汽車充電機(jī)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)和控制方法的正確性。 本文研究的高效雙向電動汽車充電機(jī)，為實現(xiàn)零污染、低噪聲的電動汽車提供了可能，為實現(xiàn)電網(wǎng)調(diào)節(jié)用電峰谷差提供了可能。
[Abstract]:As an efficient, energy-saving, zero emission vehicle, electric vehicle will become the dominant city in the future. It will directly affect the development of electric vehicle in the future. The charging system of electric vehicle provides energy supply for the power battery, which is an important supporting system of electric vehicle industry. It is also an important link in the process of commercialization of electric vehicles. Because of the nonlinearity, impact and harmonic produced by asymmetric load in charging facilities, the power quality index is deteriorated. It interferes with the normal operation of power equipment and electrical load, so this paper studies a bidirectional, high power factor, low harmonic electric vehicle charger. Firstly, the topology and working principle of the traditional electric vehicle charger are analyzed. The traditional electric vehicle charger generally adopts the two-stage structure. The former stage uncontrollable rectifier circuit and the rear stage DC/DC converter circuit, because of the low power factor, high harmonic content and other problems. In this paper, an efficient bi-directional electric vehicle charger topology is proposed, that is, the front stage uses three-phase PWM converter circuit and the rear stage uses half bridge push-pull DC/DC converter circuit with isolation. The working principle is analyzed in detail. By analyzing the charging characteristics of electric vehicle battery. On the basis of conventional charging and fast charging, a multi-stage constant current charging method is proposed, and a power feedforward current no-beat control strategy is proposed for the front-stage three-phase PWM converter of bidirectional electric vehicle charger. Slightly. The system is fast and has no difference tracking. A voltage and current double closed loop control strategy is proposed for the rear stage DC/DC converter. The high efficiency charge and discharge of the system is realized. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed control method are verified by simulation. The stability of the proposed control strategy is also analyzed in this paper. The results show that the control strategy has good stability. This paper briefly introduces the working principle and characteristics of digital signal processing (DSP), and gives a general timer in event manager. The PWM signal generation and acquisition unit is described in detail. The control subsystem of electric vehicle charger is described in detail, including zero-crossing interrupt module, sampling and data processing module. In order to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the whole system, the active power component calculation module, the forward power feedforward current non-beat control module and the rear stage voltage and current double closed loop control module are adopted. In order to verify the practicability of the topology proposed in this paper, a high efficiency bidirectional electric vehicle charger with rated power of 20kW has been developed. The main circuit and control circuit design scheme of the device are described in detail. The experimental results show that the topology structure and control method of the high efficiency bidirectional electric vehicle charger studied in this paper are correct. The high efficiency bidirectional electric vehicle charger studied in this paper provides the possibility for realizing zero pollution and low noise electric vehicle, and it is possible for the power grid to adjust the peak and valley difference of power consumption.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U469.72;TM910.6

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本文編號：1487628