發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-01 06:33

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 異步電機(jī) 矢量控制 模型參考自適應(yīng) 參數(shù)辨識 全階狀態(tài)觀測器　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：異步電機(jī)具有諸多先天優(yōu)勢，例如結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，體積小，轉(zhuǎn)速高，結(jié)實(shí)耐用，大容量，，適用于嚴(yán)酷的環(huán)境，因此異步電機(jī)調(diào)速控制技術(shù)越來越得到人們的廣泛關(guān)注。尤其是在計(jì)算機(jī)以及電子技術(shù)迅速發(fā)展的今天，許多先進(jìn)的控制策略涌現(xiàn)推進(jìn)了交流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的迅猛發(fā)展。在眾多先進(jìn)控制策略中，矢量控制方法應(yīng)用比較廣泛。該方法大大改善了交流傳動系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)性能，矢量控制系統(tǒng)的研究成為異步電機(jī)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的重要研究方向。 在傳統(tǒng)矢量控制系統(tǒng)中，通常由速度傳感器等來獲得轉(zhuǎn)速，而這些傳感器容易受到環(huán)境的影響，限制了控制系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用范圍。因此研究無速度傳感器技術(shù)成為異步電機(jī)矢量控制系統(tǒng)亟待解決的問題之一。本文首先介紹異步電機(jī)矢量控制系統(tǒng)中無速度傳感器技術(shù)以及參數(shù)辨識技術(shù)的研究現(xiàn)狀，并簡單介紹目前世界上廣泛應(yīng)用的幾種主要方法，并簡述各種方法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。 本文簡單介紹矢量控制算法的基本原理。通過坐標(biāo)變化使得異步電機(jī)的控制算法達(dá)到與直流電機(jī)控制算法相媲美的控制效果；分別介紹異步電機(jī)在三相坐標(biāo)系，兩相靜止坐標(biāo)系以及兩相旋轉(zhuǎn)坐標(biāo)系下的電機(jī)數(shù)學(xué)模型；介紹電壓空間矢量調(diào)制的基本思想，在此基礎(chǔ)上，搭建電壓空間矢量模塊；介紹異步電機(jī)矢量控制方案，為搭建異步電機(jī)矢量控制算法做好了詳細(xì)的理論準(zhǔn)備。 為了進(jìn)一步提高異步電機(jī)矢量控制系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)性能，本文將無速度傳感器技術(shù)加入到傳統(tǒng)的矢量控制系統(tǒng)中，具體采用模型參考自適應(yīng)的方法來辨識轉(zhuǎn)速；同時(shí)系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性應(yīng)用波波夫超穩(wěn)定性定理來驗(yàn)證。在得到的轉(zhuǎn)速辨識算法的基礎(chǔ)上，應(yīng)用滑�？刂破鱽砣〈惴ㄖ械腜I控制器，進(jìn)而增強(qiáng)系統(tǒng)的魯棒性。滑�？刂品椒ㄒ灿凶陨淼娜秉c(diǎn)，本文應(yīng)用趨近律的方法來抑制其抖動問題。 在異步電機(jī)矢量控制系統(tǒng)中，溫度的變化和集膚效應(yīng)都將導(dǎo)致電阻的變化，電阻的變化又將導(dǎo)致磁場定向的不準(zhǔn)確，進(jìn)而影響矢量控制系統(tǒng)的性能。因此，電阻的精確與否限制了矢量控制系統(tǒng)的性能。為了提高矢量控制的系統(tǒng)的控制精度，電阻應(yīng)被實(shí)時(shí)和準(zhǔn)確的辨識。本文采用全階狀態(tài)觀測器方法對電機(jī)參數(shù)進(jìn)行辨識；系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性用李雅普諾夫定理來驗(yàn)證。本文用這一方法有效辨識了轉(zhuǎn)子電阻和定子電阻，仿真結(jié)果驗(yàn)證該方法可行。 最后，本文應(yīng)用Matlab/Simulink軟件搭建矢量控制系統(tǒng)，在此基礎(chǔ)上搭建轉(zhuǎn)速辨識模塊，經(jīng)仿真分析，系統(tǒng)能快速跟蹤轉(zhuǎn)速，動態(tài)性能良好；搭建轉(zhuǎn)子電阻以及定子電阻辨識仿真模型，經(jīng)仿真分析，能夠準(zhǔn)確辨識電阻，此算法可行，同時(shí)系統(tǒng)具有良好的動態(tài)性能。
[Abstract]:Asynchronous motor has many inherent advantages, such as simple structure, small volume, high speed, durable, large capacity, suitable for harsh environment. Therefore, the asynchronous motor speed control technology has been paid more and more attention, especially in the rapid development of computer and electronic technology today. The emergence of many advanced control strategies has promoted the rapid development of AC speed regulation system. Among the many advanced control strategies, vector control method is widely used. This method greatly improves the dynamic performance of AC drive system. The research of vector control system has become an important research direction of asynchronous motor speed regulation system. In the traditional vector control system, speed sensors are usually used to obtain rotational speed, and these sensors are easily affected by the environment. Therefore, the research of speed sensorless technology has become one of the problems to be solved urgently in the vector control system of asynchronous motor. Firstly, this paper introduces the speed sensorless technology in vector control system of asynchronous motor. Technology and parameter identification technology. This paper briefly introduces several main methods which are widely used in the world, and briefly describes the advantages and disadvantages of these methods. The basic principle of vector control algorithm is briefly introduced in this paper. The control algorithm of asynchronous motor is comparable to that of DC motor by coordinate change. The mathematical models of induction motor in three-phase coordinate system, two-phase stationary coordinate system and two-phase rotating coordinate system are introduced respectively. The basic idea of voltage space vector modulation is introduced, and the voltage space vector module is built on this basis. This paper introduces the vector control scheme of asynchronous motor, and makes a detailed theoretical preparation for constructing the vector control algorithm of asynchronous motor. In order to further improve the dynamic performance of the vector control system of asynchronous motor, the speed sensorless technology is added to the traditional vector control system, and the model reference adaptive method is used to identify the rotational speed. At the same time, the stability of the system is verified by Popov's hyperstability theorem. On the basis of the speed identification algorithm, the sliding mode controller is used to replace the Pi controller in the algorithm. The sliding-mode control method also has its own shortcomings. In this paper, the approach law is used to suppress the jitter problem. In the vector control system of asynchronous motor, the change of temperature and skin effect will lead to the change of resistance, and the change of resistance will lead to the inaccuracy of magnetic field orientation, which will affect the performance of vector control system. The accuracy of resistance limits the performance of vector control system. In order to improve the control accuracy of vector control system. Resistance should be identified in real time and accurately. In this paper, full order state observer is used to identify motor parameters. The stability of the system is verified by Lyapunov theorem. The rotor resistance and stator resistance are effectively identified by this method. The simulation results show that the method is feasible. Finally, this paper uses Matlab/Simulink software to build a vector control system, on the basis of which the speed identification module is built. Through simulation analysis, the system can track the speed quickly. Good dynamic performance; The simulation model of rotor resistance and stator resistance identification is built. The simulation results show that the algorithm is feasible and the system has good dynamic performance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TP212;TM343

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