本文關(guān)鍵詞： 鋰動(dòng)力電池 電池不一致性 雙向均衡 反激式變壓器　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：由于電池單體間不一致性的存在，當(dāng)單體鋰動(dòng)力電池經(jīng)過(guò)串并聯(lián)應(yīng)用于純電動(dòng)汽車后，性能較差的電池較早的達(dá)到充放電截止電壓造成電池組的容量利用率下降，降低純電動(dòng)汽車?yán)m(xù)駛里程，增加純電動(dòng)汽車使用成本，不利于純電動(dòng)汽車的使用與推廣。本文所研究的均衡技術(shù)通過(guò)實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)電池組在使用過(guò)程中的狀態(tài)信息來(lái)對(duì)電池組進(jìn)行均衡管理，能改善電池組使用過(guò)程中的不一致性產(chǎn)生的影響，提高電池組的容量利用率，減緩電池老化速度，延長(zhǎng)電池組的使用壽命，增加電動(dòng)汽車?yán)m(xù)駛里程。 本文以對(duì)鋰動(dòng)力電池組不一致性的機(jī)理分析為基礎(chǔ)，設(shè)計(jì)均衡系統(tǒng)，并完成系統(tǒng)軟硬件設(shè)計(jì)，最后進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。研究?jī)?nèi)容如下： 1.從生產(chǎn)制造過(guò)程、使用過(guò)程、儲(chǔ)存過(guò)程三個(gè)方面對(duì)鋰動(dòng)力電池組的不一致產(chǎn)生和惡化的原因進(jìn)行機(jī)理分析，總結(jié)目前應(yīng)用于改善電池組不一致性的解決方法；闡述均衡技術(shù)對(duì)于緩解電池在使用過(guò)程中不一致性的惡化，有效提高電池組使用壽命的重要意義。通過(guò)對(duì)鋰動(dòng)力電池進(jìn)行相關(guān)試驗(yàn)，分析不同電池特性參數(shù)（電壓、內(nèi)阻、SOC）對(duì)于電池組不一致性問(wèn)題的表現(xiàn)形式，選取開(kāi)路電壓作為擱置階段的均衡變量，工作電壓作為電池組充放電階段的均衡變量。 2.對(duì)常見(jiàn)均衡電路拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析，選取基于反激式變壓器的能量非耗散型均衡拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)。并對(duì)反激式變壓器的基本參數(shù)進(jìn)行計(jì)算，搭建均衡仿真電路，選取電路控制參數(shù)。 3.選取電壓極差作為均衡進(jìn)入與退出的判斷依據(jù)，，根據(jù)相關(guān)電池試驗(yàn)和電路要求，確定相應(yīng)的控制閥值；針對(duì)電池組不同的工作階段提出充電均衡、放電均衡和擱置均衡三種控制策略，利用均衡系統(tǒng)模型對(duì)均衡控制策略進(jìn)行仿真驗(yàn)證。 4.以“主-從”分布式結(jié)構(gòu)作為均衡系統(tǒng)的總體架構(gòu)，完成電源模塊、電壓采集模塊、電流采集模塊、均衡模塊以及通信模塊的硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)，然后完成系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì)。 5.完成系統(tǒng)調(diào)試，獲得均衡電路在頂部均衡和底部均衡時(shí)的實(shí)際調(diào)試結(jié)果，與仿真結(jié)果進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析，然后通過(guò)擱置階段和充放電階段的臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證均衡系統(tǒng)在電池組不同工作階段對(duì)于改善電池組不一致性的控制效果。
[Abstract]:Because of the inconsistency between the cell units, when the lithium battery is used in the pure electric vehicle after series-parallel connection. The lower battery performance reached the charge / discharge cutoff voltage earlier, which led to the decrease of battery pack capacity utilization, reduced the driving range of pure electric vehicle, and increased the use cost of pure electric vehicle. It is not conducive to the use and promotion of pure electric vehicle. The equalization technology studied in this paper can manage the battery pack by monitoring the state information of battery pack in the process of using in real time. It can improve the influence of inconsistency in battery pack use, increase the capacity utilization ratio of battery pack, slow down the aging speed of battery, prolong the service life of battery pack, and increase the driving distance of electric vehicle. Based on the analysis of the mechanism of lithium power battery pack inconsistency, this paper designs the equalization system, designs the software and hardware of the system, and finally carries on the test verification. The research contents are as follows: 1. Analyze the causes of the inconsistency and deterioration of lithium power battery from three aspects: manufacturing process, use process and storage process. Summarize the current solutions to improve battery pack inconsistency; This paper expounds the importance of equalization technology in alleviating the deterioration of the inconsistency during the use of the battery and effectively increasing the service life of the battery pack. This paper analyzes the performance of different cell characteristic parameters (voltage, internal resistance) to the battery pack inconsistency, and selects the open circuit voltage as the equalization variable in the shelving stage. The working voltage is used as the equalization variable of battery charge and discharge stage. 2. The advantages and disadvantages of common equalization circuit topology are compared and analyzed. The energy non-dissipative equalization topology based on flyback transformer is selected, and the basic parameters of flyback transformer are calculated. Set up the equalization simulation circuit, select the control parameters of the circuit. 3. Selecting the voltage range as the basis for judging the equalization of entry and exit, according to the battery test and circuit requirements, determine the corresponding control threshold; Three control strategies, charging equalization, discharge equalization and shelving equalization, are proposed for different working stages of the battery pack. The equalization control strategy is verified by simulation using the equalization system model. 4. Taking the "master-slave" distributed structure as the overall structure of the equalization system, the hardware circuit design of the power supply module, voltage acquisition module, current acquisition module, equalization module and communication module is completed. Then the software design of the system is completed. 5. The system debugging is completed, and the actual debugging results of the equalization circuit in the top and bottom equalization are obtained, and the results are compared with the simulation results. Then the control effect of the equalization system in different working stages of the battery pack is verified by the bench tests in the shelving stage and the charging and discharging stage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM912;U469.72

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