本文關(guān)鍵詞： 經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)度 微網(wǎng) 雙層優(yōu)化 可控負(fù)荷 儲能系統(tǒng)　出處：《長沙理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在電力行業(yè),大電網(wǎng)與分布式電源相結(jié)合是解決電力需求增長與環(huán)境污染、能源供給之間矛盾的方法。微網(wǎng)作為一種局部網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù),能充分利用分布式電源為用戶和大電網(wǎng)所帶來的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,并有效解決電網(wǎng)與分布式電源間的矛盾。優(yōu)化調(diào)度在微網(wǎng)中有著非常重要的地位,它有效解決能源優(yōu)化分配問題,使微網(wǎng)運行更加經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)保。從上世紀(jì)90年代引入電力市場化開始,分層協(xié)調(diào)決策成為系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化決策的重要方式。此時,基于傳統(tǒng)的單目標(biāo)或多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化方法無法求解具有階層性的經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)度問題,雙層優(yōu)化模型開始受到人們的廣泛關(guān)注。本文利用雙層優(yōu)化方法研究微網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)度中分層優(yōu)化的問題,主要工作如下:首先,研究了包含儲能系統(tǒng)的發(fā)電商最優(yōu)供給問題。為了提高供電的可靠性和安全性,系統(tǒng)常需要考慮一定的旋轉(zhuǎn)備用,傳統(tǒng)的方法一般是在供電側(cè)考慮燃?xì)廨啓C和柴油機組,但隨著整合的分布式能源越多,需要的旋轉(zhuǎn)備用越多,這種方式既不經(jīng)濟(jì),也增添了污染。儲能系統(tǒng)具有快速吸收或釋放電能的優(yōu)點,可有效地彌補可再生電源波動性的缺點,從而為大規(guī)模可再生能源集中并網(wǎng)提供了一些新的解決思路。本部分基于已有研究,建立了發(fā)電商和能源服務(wù)提供商之間的雙層優(yōu)化模型,其中上層考慮的是柴油機組供應(yīng)商的利潤最大,下層考慮的是能源服務(wù)提供商的總利潤最大,并考慮以儲能系統(tǒng)作為旋轉(zhuǎn)備用。數(shù)值實驗分析了參數(shù)變化對模型的影響,并驗證了所提模型比無儲能系統(tǒng)時具有明顯的經(jīng)濟(jì)性。其次,針對大規(guī)模風(fēng)電并網(wǎng)給電力系統(tǒng)帶來的影響,本文應(yīng)用需求側(cè)響應(yīng)的能量管理策略,建立了用戶與微網(wǎng)管理方的雙層優(yōu)化調(diào)度模型。上層根據(jù)用戶側(cè)可控負(fù)荷的特性和運行特征,將所有的可控負(fù)荷分成四類,目標(biāo)函數(shù)為用戶四類可控負(fù)荷總的用電成本最小,并用數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá)式對其特性進(jìn)行了刻畫;下層優(yōu)化目標(biāo)函數(shù)是在滿足供電可靠性的條件下使微網(wǎng)總的供電費用最小,并采用高估與低估的方法來處理風(fēng)電出力的不確定性。數(shù)值實驗證明了所提模型具有明顯的經(jīng)濟(jì)性,且增強了對風(fēng)電的消納能力。最后,針對本文所建的優(yōu)化模型的目標(biāo)函數(shù)都含有分段函數(shù),運用了光滑化的處理方法。通過KKT條件(Karush-Kuhn-Tucker)將雙層優(yōu)化轉(zhuǎn)化成一個單層優(yōu)化問題進(jìn)行求解。隨著電力市場化改革的深入,分層協(xié)調(diào)決策成為電力系統(tǒng)的特征將會越來越明顯,此時,利用雙層規(guī)劃求解優(yōu)化調(diào)度問題也會越來越廣泛。本文利用雙層規(guī)劃建立了兩個優(yōu)化模型,并通過數(shù)值實驗驗證了所提模型和算法的經(jīng)濟(jì)性和有效性。本文的研究為雙層規(guī)劃在電力系統(tǒng)的廣泛應(yīng)用提供了一定的理論基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:In power industry, the combination of large power grid and distributed generation is a method to solve the contradiction between power demand growth and environmental pollution, energy supply. Microgrid as a local network technology. It can make full use of the technical and economic benefits brought by distributed generation to users and large power grids, and effectively solve the contradiction between power grid and distributed generation. Optimal dispatching plays a very important role in microgrid. It effectively solves the problem of optimal distribution of energy and makes the operation of microgrid more economical and environmentally friendly. Since the introduction of electricity marketization in -10s, hierarchical coordinated decision-making has become an important way of system optimization decision. Based on the traditional single-objective or multi-objective optimization method, the hierarchical economic scheduling problem can not be solved. Bilevel optimization model has been paid more and more attention. In this paper, the hierarchical optimization problem in microgrid economic scheduling is studied by using bilevel optimization method. The main work is as follows: first of all. In order to improve the reliability and safety of power supply, the system often needs to consider a certain rotation reserve. The conventional approach is to consider gas turbines and diesel units on the power side, but with more integrated distributed energy, more rotating reserves are needed, which is neither economical. Energy storage system has the advantages of fast absorption or release of electric energy, which can effectively compensate for the shortcomings of the fluctuation of renewable power supply. This provides some new solutions for the large-scale renewable energy centralized grid connection. Based on the existing research, the two-layer optimization model between power generation and energy service providers is established in this part. Among them, the upper layer considers the biggest profit of the diesel unit supplier, and the lower level considers the biggest total profit of the energy service provider. Considering the energy storage system as the rotation reserve, the effect of the parameter change on the model is analyzed by numerical experiments, and it is proved that the proposed model is more economical than that without the energy storage system. Secondly. Aiming at the impact of large-scale wind power grid connection on power system, the energy management strategy of demand-side response is applied in this paper. A two-layer optimal scheduling model for users and microgrid managers is established. According to the characteristics and operation characteristics of controllable load on the user side, all controllable loads are classified into four categories. The objective function is that the total power cost of four kinds of controllable loads is the least, and its characteristics are characterized by mathematical expressions. The objective function of the lower layer optimization is to minimize the total power supply cost of the microgrid under the condition of satisfying the reliability of the power supply. The method of overestimation and underestimation is adopted to deal with the uncertainty of wind power output. The numerical experiments show that the proposed model has obvious economy and enhances the ability to absorb wind power. Finally. The objective functions of the optimization model in this paper contain piecewise functions. The smoothing method is used. The Karush-Kuhn-Tucker condition is obtained by using the KKT condition. The bilevel optimization is transformed into a single-layer optimization problem to be solved. Hierarchical coordination decision will become the characteristic of power system more and more obvious. In this case, bilevel programming can be used to solve the optimal scheduling problem more and more widely. In this paper, two optimization models are established by using bilevel programming. The economy and effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm are verified by numerical experiments. The research in this paper provides a theoretical basis for the wide application of bilevel programming in power systems.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長沙理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TM73

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