本文關鍵詞：大型風力發(fā)電機組流固耦合尾跡特性分析　出處：《上海電力學院》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 風力機 尾跡 流固耦合 動態(tài)來流 塔影效應

【摘要】：隨著社會的進步和發(fā)展，人類對能源的需求越來越大，而在常規(guī)能源的有限性以及當今世界環(huán)境日益惡化的形勢下，可再生能源的利用無疑為人類尋求可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供了機會。風能作為一種可再生能源，取之不盡、用之不竭，具有廣闊的應用前景和開發(fā)潛力，日益受到世界各國的重視。為了更有效的提高風能利用效率、減少基礎設施成本，風電場的大型化是目前的發(fā)展趨勢，而大型風電場中下游風力機常處于上游風力機的尾跡當中，使下游風力機的性能受到影響，為了合理設計風電場，提高風電場效率，開展大型風力機的流固耦合尾跡特性分析是非常有必要的。 由于風力機是在復雜多變的環(huán)境條件下運行的，風力機會在風的作用下發(fā)生變形，同時這變形和運動又會反過來影響風的運動，從而改變風載荷的分布和大小，所以風力機與風場之間的雙向流固耦合分析是必不可少的。此外，為了研究實際工作中復雜的運行環(huán)境對風力機的影響，應該考慮動態(tài)來流和塔影效應等因素對尾跡的影響。本文基于流固耦合理論，采用ANSYS+FLUENT方法和滑移網(wǎng)格技術對NREL5MW風力機的尾跡特性進行了系統(tǒng)分析。為了分析動態(tài)來流對尾跡的影響，本文選擇了具有代表性的正常垂直風切變、極端垂直風切變、極端運行陣風和極端風向變化4種典型風況，通過UDF進行程序編譯并作為入口邊界條件，然后采用滑移網(wǎng)格技術進行計算。結果表明：在雙向流固耦合情況下，，在近尾跡區(qū)，風力機的輸出功率和軸向推力比未耦合情況更接近NREL設計值，在遠尾跡區(qū)，在雙向流固耦合情況下，軸向速度更早的在X=6D處達到來流速度，而湍流強度也提前在X=2D處出現(xiàn)拐點開始下降，在X=6D處達到9.8%，流場進入低湍流度區(qū)；在動態(tài)來流工況下，風力機的功率輸出均出現(xiàn)不同程度的波動，尾跡結構也從葉根到葉尖處出現(xiàn)明顯變形；塔影效應使風力機扭矩和功率均減小，塔架表面上的升力也出現(xiàn)激烈突變，將對塔架的疲勞壽命產(chǎn)生不利影響，從風力機下游6D處開始可以忽略塔影效應對風力機尾跡分布的影響；本文還提出大型風電場中下游風力機組縱向間距不少于6倍風輪直徑和橫向距離不少于2倍風輪直徑的建議，這將對風電場的風力機組優(yōu)化布置提供一定的參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:With the progress and development of society, human demand for energy is increasing, while the limited conventional energy and the world environment worsening situation, the use of renewable energy is the human sustainable development provides opportunities. Wind power as a renewable, inexhaustible, inexhaustible, and has a good application prospect the development of a wide range of potential, has attracted more attention around the world. In order to more effectively improve the wind energy utilization efficiency, reduce the cost of infrastructure, large-scale wind farm is the current trend of development, and the wind downstream of large wind farms in the upstream of the wind turbine machine wake, the performance of downstream turbines is affected, in order to reasonable design of wind farms, improve the efficiency of large-scale wind farm, wind turbine coupling characteristics of wake analysis is necessary.
Because of the wind turbine is running in the complex environment conditions, wind opportunities deform under the action of wind, which will in turn affect the deformation and movement of air movement, thereby changing the size and distribution of wind load, so the analysis of two-way flow solid coupling between the wind turbine and wind field is essential. In addition in order to study the complex operating environment, in the practical work of the wind turbine, should consider the dynamic flow and tower shadow effect influence on the wake. This paper based on the fluid solid coupling theory, the characteristics of wake ANSYS+FLUENT method and sliding mesh technique of NREL5MW wind turbine was analyzed by dynamic analysis. In order to flow influence on the wake, this paper chooses normal vertical wind shear are representative of the extreme vertical wind shear, 4 typical extreme wind conditions and extreme operating gust wind direction change, through the UDF into the trip In order to compile and as the entrance boundary conditions, and then using the sliding mesh technique were calculated. The results showed that: in the two-way flow solid coupling, in the near wake region, the wind turbine output power and axial thrust is closer to NREL than the design value coupling, in the far wake region, in the double to FSI case the axial velocity earlier at X=6D to the flow velocity, and turbulence intensity in advance at X=2D inflection point began to decline, reaching 9.8% at X=6D, flow into the low turbulence zone; in the dynamic flow conditions, the power output of the wind turbine are different degrees of fluctuation, from the root to the leaf blade structure at the tip of apparent deformation; tower shadow effect of the wind power and torque are reduced, the tower also appeared on the surface of the lift fierce mutation, will have an adverse effect on the fatigue life of the tower, it can be ignored from the downstream turbine 6D The tower shadow effect on wind turbine wake distribution; this paper also put forward the downstream in large wind farm wind turbine vertical spacing of not less than 6 times the diameter of the wind wheel and the horizontal distance of not less than 2 times the diameter of the wind wheel of the proposal, which will wind wind turbine layout optimization to provide some reference.

【學位授予單位】：上海電力學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM315

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