本文關(guān)鍵詞：大型風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組流固耦合尾跡特性分析　出處：《上海電力學(xué)院》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 風(fēng)力機(jī) 尾跡 流固耦合 動(dòng)態(tài)來(lái)流 塔影效應(yīng)

【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)的進(jìn)步和發(fā)展，人類對(duì)能源的需求越來(lái)越大，而在常規(guī)能源的有限性以及當(dāng)今世界環(huán)境日益惡化的形勢(shì)下，可再生能源的利用無(wú)疑為人類尋求可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供了機(jī)會(huì)。風(fēng)能作為一種可再生能源，取之不盡、用之不竭，具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景和開發(fā)潛力，日益受到世界各國(guó)的重視。為了更有效的提高風(fēng)能利用效率、減少基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施成本，風(fēng)電場(chǎng)的大型化是目前的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，而大型風(fēng)電場(chǎng)中下游風(fēng)力機(jī)常處于上游風(fēng)力機(jī)的尾跡當(dāng)中，使下游風(fēng)力機(jī)的性能受到影響，為了合理設(shè)計(jì)風(fēng)電場(chǎng)，提高風(fēng)電場(chǎng)效率，開展大型風(fēng)力機(jī)的流固耦合尾跡特性分析是非常有必要的。 由于風(fēng)力機(jī)是在復(fù)雜多變的環(huán)境條件下運(yùn)行的，風(fēng)力機(jī)會(huì)在風(fēng)的作用下發(fā)生變形，同時(shí)這變形和運(yùn)動(dòng)又會(huì)反過(guò)來(lái)影響風(fēng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)，從而改變風(fēng)載荷的分布和大小，所以風(fēng)力機(jī)與風(fēng)場(chǎng)之間的雙向流固耦合分析是必不可少的。此外，為了研究實(shí)際工作中復(fù)雜的運(yùn)行環(huán)境對(duì)風(fēng)力機(jī)的影響，應(yīng)該考慮動(dòng)態(tài)來(lái)流和塔影效應(yīng)等因素對(duì)尾跡的影響。本文基于流固耦合理論，采用ANSYS+FLUENT方法和滑移網(wǎng)格技術(shù)對(duì)NREL5MW風(fēng)力機(jī)的尾跡特性進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)分析。為了分析動(dòng)態(tài)來(lái)流對(duì)尾跡的影響，本文選擇了具有代表性的正常垂直風(fēng)切變、極端垂直風(fēng)切變、極端運(yùn)行陣風(fēng)和極端風(fēng)向變化4種典型風(fēng)況，通過(guò)UDF進(jìn)行程序編譯并作為入口邊界條件，然后采用滑移網(wǎng)格技術(shù)進(jìn)行計(jì)算。結(jié)果表明：在雙向流固耦合情況下，，在近尾跡區(qū)，風(fēng)力機(jī)的輸出功率和軸向推力比未耦合情況更接近NREL設(shè)計(jì)值，在遠(yuǎn)尾跡區(qū)，在雙向流固耦合情況下，軸向速度更早的在X=6D處達(dá)到來(lái)流速度，而湍流強(qiáng)度也提前在X=2D處出現(xiàn)拐點(diǎn)開始下降，在X=6D處達(dá)到9.8%，流場(chǎng)進(jìn)入低湍流度區(qū)；在動(dòng)態(tài)來(lái)流工況下，風(fēng)力機(jī)的功率輸出均出現(xiàn)不同程度的波動(dòng)，尾跡結(jié)構(gòu)也從葉根到葉尖處出現(xiàn)明顯變形；塔影效應(yīng)使風(fēng)力機(jī)扭矩和功率均減小，塔架表面上的升力也出現(xiàn)激烈突變，將對(duì)塔架的疲勞壽命產(chǎn)生不利影響，從風(fēng)力機(jī)下游6D處開始可以忽略塔影效應(yīng)對(duì)風(fēng)力機(jī)尾跡分布的影響；本文還提出大型風(fēng)電場(chǎng)中下游風(fēng)力機(jī)組縱向間距不少于6倍風(fēng)輪直徑和橫向距離不少于2倍風(fēng)輪直徑的建議，這將對(duì)風(fēng)電場(chǎng)的風(fēng)力機(jī)組優(yōu)化布置提供一定的參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:With the progress and development of society, human demand for energy is increasing, while the limited conventional energy and the world environment worsening situation, the use of renewable energy is the human sustainable development provides opportunities. Wind power as a renewable, inexhaustible, inexhaustible, and has a good application prospect the development of a wide range of potential, has attracted more attention around the world. In order to more effectively improve the wind energy utilization efficiency, reduce the cost of infrastructure, large-scale wind farm is the current trend of development, and the wind downstream of large wind farms in the upstream of the wind turbine machine wake, the performance of downstream turbines is affected, in order to reasonable design of wind farms, improve the efficiency of large-scale wind farm, wind turbine coupling characteristics of wake analysis is necessary.
Because of the wind turbine is running in the complex environment conditions, wind opportunities deform under the action of wind, which will in turn affect the deformation and movement of air movement, thereby changing the size and distribution of wind load, so the analysis of two-way flow solid coupling between the wind turbine and wind field is essential. In addition in order to study the complex operating environment, in the practical work of the wind turbine, should consider the dynamic flow and tower shadow effect influence on the wake. This paper based on the fluid solid coupling theory, the characteristics of wake ANSYS+FLUENT method and sliding mesh technique of NREL5MW wind turbine was analyzed by dynamic analysis. In order to flow influence on the wake, this paper chooses normal vertical wind shear are representative of the extreme vertical wind shear, 4 typical extreme wind conditions and extreme operating gust wind direction change, through the UDF into the trip In order to compile and as the entrance boundary conditions, and then using the sliding mesh technique were calculated. The results showed that: in the two-way flow solid coupling, in the near wake region, the wind turbine output power and axial thrust is closer to NREL than the design value coupling, in the far wake region, in the double to FSI case the axial velocity earlier at X=6D to the flow velocity, and turbulence intensity in advance at X=2D inflection point began to decline, reaching 9.8% at X=6D, flow into the low turbulence zone; in the dynamic flow conditions, the power output of the wind turbine are different degrees of fluctuation, from the root to the leaf blade structure at the tip of apparent deformation; tower shadow effect of the wind power and torque are reduced, the tower also appeared on the surface of the lift fierce mutation, will have an adverse effect on the fatigue life of the tower, it can be ignored from the downstream turbine 6D The tower shadow effect on wind turbine wake distribution; this paper also put forward the downstream in large wind farm wind turbine vertical spacing of not less than 6 times the diameter of the wind wheel and the horizontal distance of not less than 2 times the diameter of the wind wheel of the proposal, which will wind wind turbine layout optimization to provide some reference.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海電力學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM315

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