本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于永磁機(jī)構(gòu)動(dòng)態(tài)特性的真空斷路器控制策略研究　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 永磁機(jī)構(gòu) 真空斷路器 電流閉環(huán) 滯環(huán)控制 PID VWE 同步關(guān)合 相控技術(shù)

【摘要】：斷路器分合閘時(shí),電網(wǎng)的電流或者電壓的相位并不確定,容易在分合閘過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生涌流及過(guò)電壓,對(duì)電力系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生較大的沖擊。同步關(guān)合技術(shù)的出現(xiàn),為縮短甚至避免出現(xiàn)斷路器分合閘暫態(tài)過(guò)程提供了良好的解決方案。本文分析了同步關(guān)合的重要性及其實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)制,明確了斷路器分合閘時(shí)間分散性是制約同步關(guān)合技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)的主要難點(diǎn)。永磁真空斷路器以其結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、零部件少、動(dòng)作分散性小、可靠性高、壽命長(zhǎng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn),成為實(shí)現(xiàn)同步關(guān)合的理想元件。然而永磁真空斷路器受溫度、控制電壓、老化等因素的影響,分合閘時(shí)間仍會(huì)表現(xiàn)出較大的分散性,為減小分合閘時(shí)間分散性,同時(shí)減少操作能耗,優(yōu)化真空斷路器動(dòng)觸頭的運(yùn)動(dòng)特性,提出了適用于一般永磁真空斷路器的控制策略,主要完成了以下工作： 對(duì)電容激勵(lì)模式下永磁真空斷路器的動(dòng)態(tài)方程進(jìn)行了分析,并以此為基礎(chǔ)提出了基于電流源激勵(lì)模式的動(dòng)態(tài)方程。為分析電流源激勵(lì)模式與電容激勵(lì)模式的區(qū)別,建立了Ansoft仿真模型,對(duì)兩種模式下,機(jī)構(gòu)的動(dòng)態(tài)特性進(jìn)行了分析對(duì)比。由于在電流源激勵(lì)模式下,真空斷路器的分合閘時(shí)間不受電容容量和控制電壓的影響,從而更有利于保持分合閘時(shí)間的穩(wěn)定性。 為實(shí)現(xiàn)基于線(xiàn)圈電流閉環(huán)的控制方式,文中詳細(xì)分析了滯環(huán)控制方法的實(shí)現(xiàn)原理,針對(duì)方法的不足之處,對(duì)其進(jìn)行了改進(jìn),提出了基于線(xiàn)性插值PID模式的滯環(huán)控制策略。分析了線(xiàn)性插值PID控制方式與經(jīng)典PID控制的異同,并利用基于線(xiàn)性插值PID的滯環(huán)控制方法實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)線(xiàn)圈電流的跟蹤控制,為分合閘時(shí),實(shí)現(xiàn)穩(wěn)定、高效的電流源提供了基礎(chǔ)。通過(guò)對(duì)合閘時(shí)線(xiàn)圈電流的分析,提出了獲取較優(yōu)動(dòng)態(tài)特性曲線(xiàn)的方法,并通過(guò)利用改進(jìn)的PID滯環(huán)控制方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)斷路器分合閘特性的控制,將開(kāi)關(guān)分合閘時(shí)間分散性控制在±0.3ms以?xún)?nèi)。 為實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)永磁機(jī)構(gòu)合閘時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)特性的優(yōu)化,提出了變電壓變輸出能量(VVVE)的斷路器合閘控制方法。分析了開(kāi)環(huán)狀態(tài)下永磁機(jī)構(gòu)合閘過(guò)程的線(xiàn)圈電流,采用曲線(xiàn)擬合方式給出了合閘過(guò)程的電流方程,并對(duì)擬合方程中各項(xiàng)參數(shù)求解方法進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的說(shuō)明,給出了相應(yīng)的實(shí)例證明了擬合方法的準(zhǔn)確性。在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了VVVE的調(diào)節(jié)方法,通過(guò)VV調(diào)節(jié)實(shí)現(xiàn)合閘時(shí)間的粗調(diào),在提高合閘平均速度的同時(shí),限制了動(dòng)觸頭的剛合速度,通過(guò)VE調(diào)節(jié)實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)合閘時(shí)間的微調(diào),以及對(duì)剛合速度的控制。由于提高開(kāi)關(guān)合閘平均速度與減小合閘碰撞能量一直是斷路器關(guān)合過(guò)程的一個(gè)矛盾,VVVE控制方案的提出為減小上述矛盾的影響提供了很好的解決方法。 為實(shí)現(xiàn)同步關(guān)合,文中設(shè)計(jì)了相應(yīng)的永磁真空斷路器控制器,對(duì)控制器的主要硬件構(gòu)成進(jìn)行了說(shuō)明。結(jié)合同步關(guān)合的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn),說(shuō)明了VWE在同步關(guān)合控制過(guò)程中所表現(xiàn)出的優(yōu)異性能。雖然WVE是在12kV單穩(wěn)態(tài)真空斷路器實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)上所獲得的結(jié)論,但是本文通過(guò)所設(shè)計(jì)的控制器,成功將WVE控制策略用于40.5kV單穩(wěn)態(tài)永磁真空斷路器的控制實(shí)驗(yàn)中,從而說(shuō)明了VVVE控制策略具有一般性。文中對(duì)40.5kV單穩(wěn)態(tài)真空斷路器在高低溫下的合閘時(shí)間分散性進(jìn)行了分析,并在此基礎(chǔ)上,研究了如何通過(guò)控制策略實(shí)現(xiàn)斷路器合閘時(shí)間的溫度補(bǔ)償,并給出針對(duì)40.5kV單穩(wěn)態(tài)真空斷路器的補(bǔ)償方程。
[Abstract]:Circuit breaker closing phase, grid current or voltage is not determined, prone to inrush current and over-voltage in the opening and closing process, have a greater impact on the power system. The synchronous closing technology, to avoid even shorten the switching transient process provides a good solution. This paper analyzes the circuit breaker synchronous closing the importance and implementation mechanism, a clear circuit breaker closing time scatter is restricting the synchronous closing technology to realize the main difficulties. Permanent magnetic vacuum circuit breaker with its simple structure, less parts, the operation is stable and high reliability, long life and other advantages, has become the ideal element of the synchronous closing. However, permanent magnet vacuum circuit breaker temperature, control voltage, aging and other factors, opening and closing time will still show a large dispersion, in order to reduce the switching time dispersion, can reduce the operation at the same time To optimize the motion characteristics of the dynamic contact of the vacuum circuit breaker, the control strategy suitable for the general permanent magnet vacuum circuit breaker was put forward, and the following work was completed.
The dynamic equation of permanent magnet vacuum circuit breaker capacitor excitation mode are analyzed, and puts forward the incentive model based on dynamic equation of current source. For the difference analysis of the current source model of incentive and incentive mode of capacitor, Ansoft simulation model of two kinds of mode, the dynamic characteristics of mechanism was carried out. Comparative analysis. Due to the current source excitation mode, the closing time of the vacuum circuit breaker is not affected by the capacitance and voltage control, and thus more conducive to maintain the stability of switching time.
In order to realize the control coil current loop based on the detailed analysis of hysteresis control method and the realization of the principle, in view of the shortcomings of the method and its improvement, proposed the linear interpolation mode of PID hysteresis control strategy based on PID analysis. The linear interpolation control method with classical PID control and the similarities and differences. Control method of using linear interpolation PID hysteresis tracking control is realized based on winding current, achieve stable for switching, provides the basis for the current source, high efficiency. Through the analysis of the current closing, it proposes the methods to obtain better dynamic characteristics, and through the use of PID improved hysteresis control method, realizes the control of closing characteristics of the circuit breaker, the on-off switch time dispersion control in less than 0.3ms.
In order to realize the optimization of dynamic characteristics of permanent magnetic actuator when closing, the variable voltage variable output energy (VVVE) of the circuit breaker closing coil current control method. Analysis of the closing process of the permanent magnetic actuator open-loop state, using curve fitting is given current during closing process, and the parameters of the fitting equation in the method described in detail, an example is given to prove the accuracy of fitting method. The method is proposed based on the regulation of VVVE, adjust the coarse implementation closing time by VV, in improving the average closing speed at the same time, limiting the speed of the moving contact stiffness, through the realization of the VE regulation the closing time of fine-tuning, and the control speed. Just because of the increase of switching speed and reduce the average closing collision energy is always a contradiction between the circuit breaker closing process, put forward VVVE control scheme It provides a good solution to reduce the impact of the above contradictions.
In order to realize the synchronous closing, this paper designed the permanent magnetic vacuum circuit breaker controller, the main controller of the hardware structure are described. Key technology combined with synchronous implementation, describes the VWE in the synchronous closing show excellent performance control process. Although WVE is obtained in 12kV monostable vacuum circuit breaker based on experiment results, but through the controller, the WVE control strategy is used to control the experimental 40.5kV monostable permanent magnetic vacuum circuit breaker, which indicates that the VVVE control strategy is the general. The closing time of 40.5kV vacuum circuit breaker with monostable in high temperature dispersion are analyzed, and based on the study of how the temperature compensation control circuit breaker closing time, the compensation equation is given for 40.5kV vacuum circuit breaker with monostable.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM561.2

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