本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于參數(shù)化建模的風(fēng)力機(jī)葉片結(jié)構(gòu)分析及優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)　出處：《重慶大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 風(fēng)力機(jī)葉片 極限載荷 參數(shù)化模型 性能校核 結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化

【摘要】：近年來，“能源危機(jī)”對人類的影響越發(fā)凸顯，可再生能源由此得到快速發(fā)展。風(fēng)能，作為一種可再生的“綠色能源”已席卷全球，，被世界各國予以極大的關(guān)注與重視，都把運(yùn)用風(fēng)能作為能源短缺的突破口。中國作為能源消費(fèi)大國，政府亦大力支持風(fēng)電行業(yè)的發(fā)展，但由于中國風(fēng)電起步較晚且國外把風(fēng)電核心技術(shù)作為企業(yè)最高機(jī)密，中國風(fēng)電因此大大落后于風(fēng)電發(fā)達(dá)國家，大型風(fēng)電設(shè)備，尤其是風(fēng)機(jī)葉片主要依靠進(jìn)口。而風(fēng)機(jī)葉片由于其直接捕獲風(fēng)能，良好的氣動性能、較高的質(zhì)量保證是風(fēng)機(jī)穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的前提。本文提出了“基于參數(shù)化建模的風(fēng)力機(jī)葉片結(jié)構(gòu)分析及優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)”的研究課題。本文根據(jù)某一現(xiàn)有風(fēng)力機(jī)葉片，重點(diǎn)對其氣動性能，結(jié)構(gòu)分析及優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行了研究，取得了如下成果： ①風(fēng)機(jī)葉片氣動載荷模型基于葉素-動量理論建立，其中考慮葉尖損失修正模型的影響，更加精確的確定軸向誘導(dǎo)因子和周向誘導(dǎo)因子�；贕L2010標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，分析了風(fēng)力機(jī)所受到的各種載荷如：重力載荷、離心力載荷及空氣動力載荷等，研究了風(fēng)力機(jī)工作的載荷工況和設(shè)計(jì)工況，通過BLADED建立了風(fēng)力機(jī)整機(jī)模型，其包括葉片、翼型、葉輪、塔架、動力傳動鏈、機(jī)艙和控制等模塊，通過計(jì)算得到風(fēng)機(jī)在各種工況下的截面載荷分布，從中篩選出截面載荷最大極端工況，從而得到葉片各截面處的極限載荷，其為葉片后續(xù)結(jié)構(gòu)分析及優(yōu)化奠定基礎(chǔ)。 ②在全面探究了葉片結(jié)構(gòu)及鋪層方式的基礎(chǔ)上，提出了葉片弦長、扭角和相對厚度的集成表達(dá)，通過葉片三維形狀參數(shù)表達(dá)式得到葉片空間三維坐標(biāo)，由MATLAB編程并結(jié)合ANSYS二次開發(fā)由底至頂建立了葉片參數(shù)化幾何模型，根據(jù)葉片鋪層材料及鋪層方式全面建立了葉片有限元力學(xué)模型，通過計(jì)算葉片質(zhì)量及重心位置且與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果比較驗(yàn)證了該模型建立的可靠性。 ③通過葉片模態(tài)分析得到葉片低階固有頻率及振型，其與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果相差不大，分析了該葉片在正常運(yùn)行過程中是否發(fā)生共振現(xiàn)象。由于葉片由復(fù)合材料構(gòu)成，而復(fù)合材料表現(xiàn)出各向異性，且葉片主要由翼面、葉根、主梁和腹板等關(guān)鍵部位組成，各部位材料及鋪設(shè)方式不同，因此在校核葉片強(qiáng)度時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)需要分別校核上述部位。葉片剛度尤為重要，其表明葉片受力變形后是否與塔架發(fā)生碰撞。 ④提出以材料厚度，葉片結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)作為優(yōu)化變量，葉片質(zhì)量作為優(yōu)化目標(biāo)，在保證葉片強(qiáng)度和葉尖位移的前提下建立了葉片結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化的數(shù)學(xué)模型，通過MATLAB并結(jié)合ANSYS編程，運(yùn)用改進(jìn)的粒子群算法進(jìn)行尋優(yōu)，經(jīng)數(shù)次迭代后得到既滿足性能要求，質(zhì)量又較輕的葉片。該研究對葉片結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化及改造具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)指導(dǎo)意義，并為葉片的氣動、結(jié)構(gòu)一體化設(shè)計(jì)提供可能。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the impact of "energy crisis" on human beings has become more and more prominent, and renewable energy has been rapidly developed. Wind energy, as a renewable "green energy", has swept the world. By the world to pay great attention and attention to the use of wind energy as a breakthrough. China as a large country of energy consumption, the government also vigorously support the development of wind power industry. However, due to the late start of wind power in China and the core technology of wind power as the top secret of enterprises abroad, wind power in China lags far behind the developed countries and large-scale wind power equipment. Especially the fan blade mainly depends on the import, and the fan blade has good aerodynamic performance because of its direct capture of wind energy. High quality assurance is the premise of stable operation of wind turbine. This paper puts forward the research topic of "structural analysis and optimization design of wind turbine blade based on parametric modeling". The aerodynamic performance, structure analysis and optimization design are studied in detail. The results are as follows: 1. The aerodynamic load model of fan blade is established based on the theory of blade element and momentum, and the influence of blade tip loss correction model is taken into account. The axial and circumferential induction factors are determined more accurately. Based on the GL2010 standard, various loads such as gravity load, centrifugal force load and aerodynamic load on the wind turbine are analyzed. The load and design conditions of the wind turbine are studied, and the wind turbine model is established by BLADED, which includes blade, airfoil, impeller, tower, power transmission chain, engine room and control module. By calculating the cross-section load distribution of the fan under various working conditions, the maximum extreme condition of the cross-section load is selected, and the ultimate load at each section of the blade is obtained. It lays a foundation for the following structure analysis and optimization of blade. 2 on the basis of exploring the blade structure and layering mode, the integrated expression of blade chord length, torsion angle and relative thickness was put forward, and the three-dimensional coordinate of blade space was obtained by the blade three-dimensional shape parameter expression. The parametric geometric model of blade was established by MATLAB programming and combined with ANSYS secondary development from bottom to top, and the finite element mechanical model of blade was established according to the lamination material and layering method. The reliability of the model is verified by calculating the mass and center of gravity of the blade and comparing with the experimental results. (3) the low-order natural frequency and mode shape of the blade are obtained by modal analysis of the blade, which is not different from the experimental results. The resonance phenomenon of the blade is analyzed during the normal operation, because the blade is composed of composite material. The composite material shows anisotropy, and the blade is mainly composed of wing surface, leaf root, main beam and web. The materials and laying methods of each part are different. Therefore, when checking the strength of the blades at school, the above parts should be checked separately according to the need. The stiffness of the blades is particularly important, which indicates whether the blades collide with the tower after deformation. (4) taking material thickness, blade structure parameter as optimization variable and blade quality as optimization objective, the mathematical model of blade structure optimization is established on the premise of ensuring blade strength and tip displacement. Through MATLAB and ANSYS programming, the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to find the optimization. After several iterations, it can meet the performance requirements. The research has important practical significance for the optimization and transformation of blade structure and provides the possibility for the aerodynamic and structural integration design of the blade.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM315

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