本文關(guān)鍵詞：納米改性液體電介質(zhì)絕緣特性及其內(nèi)部空間電荷的測量研究　出處：《重慶大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 納米改性 液體電介質(zhì) 擊穿特性 空間電荷 Kerr效應(yīng)

【摘要】：液體電介質(zhì)的擊穿特性是影響并制約電力設(shè)備及電力系統(tǒng)發(fā)展的重要因素，，在電力設(shè)備運(yùn)行過程中，液體電介質(zhì)內(nèi)部的電場對其絕緣性能有著極大的影響，而空間電荷的出現(xiàn)及分布又對電場的改變起著重大的作用。為了提高變壓器油絕緣性能，本文研究了添加不同導(dǎo)電性能的納米材料改性對液體電介質(zhì)宏觀擊穿性能的影響。選取鐵磁性導(dǎo)電納米粒子Fe3O4、半導(dǎo)體納米粒子TiO2和非導(dǎo)電納米粒子Al2O3，經(jīng)不同的表面改性劑處理后，分散于變壓器油中，制得納米改性變壓器油，并通過測量透射系數(shù)證實(shí)了三種納米改性變壓器油的穩(wěn)定性。通過工頻擊穿試驗(yàn)、操作沖擊擊穿試驗(yàn)，對比研究了不同濃度納米改性變壓器油的宏觀擊穿特性，得出三種納米改性變壓器油能夠提高其擊穿特性的最佳濃度分別為0.03g/L、0.01g/L和0.02g/L。在納米改性變壓器油的最佳濃度下再對比工頻電壓和正、負(fù)極性下的操作、雷電沖擊電壓下不同納米改性變壓器油的擊穿特性。結(jié)果表明，除負(fù)極性雷電沖擊情況外，三種納米改性變壓器油的沖擊擊穿特性較之純凈變壓器油均有較大程度的提高。其中在最佳濃度下三種納米改性變壓器油的操作正極性擊穿電壓提高幅度較大，提高幅度分別為44.1%、33.3%和35.5%。試驗(yàn)研究結(jié)果顯示，經(jīng)三種納米粒子改性后變壓器油的綜合擊穿特性較純凈變壓器油均有不同程度的改善�；诩{米粒子對電子的捕獲理論，從空間電荷分布角度理論上分析了沖擊電壓下和交流電壓下納米改性變壓器油高絕緣特性的機(jī)理，同時(shí)結(jié)合極化理論分析出三種納米改性變壓器油擊穿特性差異性的原因。 考慮到空間電荷對擊穿過程的重要意義，為了進(jìn)一步試驗(yàn)探究納米粒子對液體電介質(zhì)擊穿特性提高的機(jī)理，本文完成了高Kerr常數(shù)液體電介質(zhì)中空間電場及空間電荷測量平臺(tái)的搭建及優(yōu)化；同時(shí)在此基礎(chǔ)上，考慮了低Kerr常數(shù)變壓器油的特性，使用靈敏度更高的光電探測器替代高速CCD、增加空間濾波裝置，完成了對工程常用液體電介質(zhì)變壓器油中空間電場及電荷測量平臺(tái)的優(yōu)化改進(jìn)，為后續(xù)試驗(yàn)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。為了較好的觀察分析納米粒子對液體電介質(zhì)內(nèi)空間電荷的影響，本文利用測量精度較高的高Kerr常數(shù)液體電介質(zhì)中空間電場及空間電荷的測量平臺(tái)對平行極板間同一電壓下同一時(shí)刻純凈和添加納米改性后碳酸丙烯酯中的空間電場及空間電荷分布情況進(jìn)行測量比較，結(jié)果表明：在添加不同類型的納米粒子改性后，由于納米粒子對空間電荷的阻擋作用，納米改性液體電介質(zhì)中空間電荷較純凈液體電介質(zhì)更集中在兩極板附近，從而使得添加納米粒子后平行極板間的電場分布更加均勻，因而納米改性有助于液體電介質(zhì)擊穿電壓的提高。
[Abstract]:The breakdown characteristic of liquid dielectric is an important factor that affects and restricts the development of power equipment and power system. During the operation of power equipment, the electric field inside liquid dielectric has a great influence on its insulation performance. The appearance and distribution of space charge play an important role in the change of electric field in order to improve the insulation performance of transformer oil. In this paper, the effects of nano-materials modified with different conductive properties on the macroscopic breakdown properties of liquid dielectric were studied. The ferromagnetic conductive nano-particle Fe3O4 was selected. The nanometer modified transformer oil was prepared by TiO2 and Al _ 2O _ 3, which were treated with different surface modifiers and dispersed in transformer oil. The stability of three kinds of nano-modified transformer oil was confirmed by measuring transmission coefficient. The macroscopic breakdown characteristics of different concentrations of nano-modified transformer oil were compared by power frequency breakdown test and operation impact breakdown test. The results show that the optimum concentration of three kinds of nano-modified transformer oils can improve their breakdown characteristics is 0.03g / L, respectively. 0.01g / L and 0.02g / L. at the best concentration of nano-modified transformer oil, the power frequency voltage and the operation under positive and negative polarity are compared. The breakdown characteristics of different nano-modified transformer oils under lightning impulse voltage. Compared with pure transformer oil, the impact breakdown characteristics of the three kinds of nano-modified transformer oil are improved to a greater extent, and the operating positive breakdown voltage of the three nano-modified transformer oils is greatly improved under the optimum concentration. The increase ranges were 44.1% and 35.3%, respectively. The comprehensive breakdown characteristics of transformer oil modified by three kinds of nanoparticles were improved to some extent compared with pure transformer oil. Based on the electron trapping theory of nanoparticles. The mechanism of high insulation properties of nanometer modified transformer oil under impulse voltage and AC voltage is analyzed theoretically from the angle of space charge distribution. At the same time, the reason of the difference of breakdown characteristics of three kinds of nanometer modified transformer oil is analyzed by polarization theory. Considering the importance of space charge on the breakdown process, the mechanism of the improvement of breakdown characteristics of liquid dielectric by nanoparticles was investigated in order to further study the mechanism. In this paper, the measurement platform of space electric field and space charge in liquid dielectric with high Kerr constant is built and optimized. At the same time, considering the characteristics of low Kerr constant transformer oil, the photoelectric detector with higher sensitivity is used to replace the high-speed Kerr, and the spatial filter device is added. The optimization and improvement of the measuring platform of space electric field and charge in liquid dielectric transformer oil are completed. In order to better observe and analyze the effect of nanoparticles on space charge in liquid dielectric. In this paper, the measurement platform of space electric field and space charge in liquid dielectric with high Kerr constant is used to measure the pure and nano-modified propylene carbonate at the same time and at the same voltage between parallel plates. The distribution of space electric field and space charge were measured and compared. The results show that the space charge in the nano-modified liquid dielectric is more concentrated near the two polar plates than in the pure liquid dielectric due to the blocking effect of nano-particles on the space charge after the addition of different types of nano-particles. Therefore, the electric field distribution between parallel plates is more uniform after the addition of nano-particles, so nano-modification is helpful to increase the breakdown voltage of liquid dielectric.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM214

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