發(fā)布時間：2018-01-10 11:29

  本文關鍵詞：電動汽車充放電對電網(wǎng)的影響及其優(yōu)化策略研究　出處：《天津大學》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 配電網(wǎng) 電動汽車 電壓偏差 平滑控制 可再生能源

【摘要】：隨著能源和環(huán)境問題日益嚴重，電動汽車因其在節(jié)能減排方面的巨大優(yōu)勢逐漸受到人們關注。為降低大規(guī)模電動汽車無序充電對配電網(wǎng)的不利影響，需先行研究電動汽車充放電對配電網(wǎng)的影響及其優(yōu)化策略。本文通過利用電動汽車有序充放電，對優(yōu)化含電動汽車的電網(wǎng)負荷曲線、改善含電動汽車的配電網(wǎng)電壓偏差、平滑含光伏的電動汽車充換電站功率波動和提高可再生能源消納能力等方面內(nèi)容展開研究。主要工作如下： （1）為研究考慮負荷峰值時的電動汽車有序充放電優(yōu)化，提出了有序模式和無序模式的電動汽車充放電概率模型及功率期望計算模型，建立了以負荷峰值最小為目標的優(yōu)化模型。分析了峰谷電價時段、用戶響應度對含電動汽車的電網(wǎng)負荷曲線的影響，并與無序充電時的場景進行了比較。在不同用戶響應度下，，研究了電動汽車有序充放電對含電動汽車的電網(wǎng)負荷曲線的影響；討論了在相同用戶響應度下，電動汽車有序充放電對不同類型負荷曲線的優(yōu)化效果。分析了用戶響應度與電網(wǎng)負荷峰值的對應關系。 （2）為研究電動汽車有序充放電的經(jīng)濟效益，建立了以全社會收益和用戶收益最大為目標的多目標優(yōu)化模型，得到全社會收益和用戶收益最優(yōu)解集。討論了三種典型場景中，電動汽車有序充放電的經(jīng)濟收益及其對電網(wǎng)負荷曲線的影響。分析了全社會收益和用戶收益的關鍵參數(shù)靈敏度問題，提出在不明顯減少全社會收益前提下，提高用戶參與有序充放電積極性的建議。 （3）針對電動汽車無序充電將增大配電網(wǎng)電壓偏差、降低配電網(wǎng)電能質(zhì)量的問題，提出了含電動汽車的配電網(wǎng)電壓偏差優(yōu)化模型。分析了電動汽車有序充放電的配電網(wǎng)電壓偏差改善效果及經(jīng)濟效益，討論了典型場景下的配電網(wǎng)電壓偏差及網(wǎng)損特性，提出了配電網(wǎng)各節(jié)點電動汽車數(shù)量配置的參考建議。 （4）為有效利用電動汽車有序充電和電池組充放電的調(diào)節(jié)能力，平滑含光伏的電動汽車充換電站功率波動和提高可再生能源消納能力，提出了電動汽車充電分時控制模型和電池組充放電控制方法。構建了充換電站的物理結(jié)構和控制結(jié)構，討論了站內(nèi)各功率的頻域特性，研究了電動汽車分時充電、電池組充放電的功率波動平滑效果，分析了電動汽車充電分時控制和電池組充放電控制的優(yōu)缺點。討論了進一步降低聯(lián)絡線功率波動的可行措施，提出了光伏容量、電動汽車充電功率、電池組容量的優(yōu)化配置建議。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly serious energy and environmental problems, electric vehicles have attracted more and more attention because of their great advantages in energy saving and emission reduction. In order to reduce the unordered charging of large-scale electric vehicles, the distribution network is adversely affected. It is necessary to study the effect of charge and discharge of electric vehicle on distribution network and its optimization strategy. This paper optimizes the load curve of electric vehicle by using the ordered charge and discharge of electric vehicle. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) improving the voltage deviation of distribution network with electric vehicles, smoothing the power fluctuation of charging and changing power stations of electric vehicles with photovoltaics, and improving the absorption capacity of renewable energy. The main work is as follows: 1) in order to study the ordered charge and discharge optimization of electric vehicle considering peak load, the charging and discharging probability model and power expectation calculation model of electric vehicle in ordered mode and disordered mode are proposed. An optimization model with the aim of minimum peak load is established. The influence of peak and valley price period and user response on load curve of electric vehicle is analyzed. Under different user response, the effect of ordered charge and discharge on the load curve of electric vehicle is studied. In this paper, the optimal effect of ordered charge and discharge of electric vehicle on different types of load curves under the same user response is discussed, and the corresponding relationship between user response and peak load of power network is analyzed. In order to study the economic benefits of ordered charging and discharging of electric vehicles, a multi-objective optimization model aiming at the maximum social income and user income is established. The optimal solution set of social income and user income is obtained. Three typical scenarios are discussed. This paper analyzes the sensitivity of the key parameters of the whole social income and the user's income, and puts forward the premise that the whole social income is not obviously reduced under the premise that the electric vehicle charges and discharges in an orderly way and its influence on the load curve of the power network. Suggestions to improve the enthusiasm of users to participate in orderly charging and discharging. The disordered charging of electric vehicle will increase the voltage deviation of distribution network and reduce the power quality of distribution network. The optimization model of voltage deviation in distribution network with electric vehicle is put forward, and the effect of improving voltage deviation of distribution network and economic benefit of orderly charging and discharging of electric vehicle are analyzed. The voltage deviation and network loss characteristics of distribution network in typical scenarios are discussed, and the reference suggestions for the number configuration of electric vehicles at each node of distribution network are proposed. In order to effectively utilize the regulation ability of electric vehicle charge and battery pack charge and discharge, the power fluctuation of electric vehicle recharge and replacement power station with photovoltaic is smoothed and the renewable energy absorption ability is improved. This paper presents a charging time-sharing control model for electric vehicles and a charging and discharging control method for batteries. The physical structure and control structure of the charging and changing power station are constructed, and the frequency domain characteristics of each power in the station are discussed. In this paper, the smoothness of power fluctuation of battery pack is studied by time-sharing charge and discharge of electric vehicle. The advantages and disadvantages of charge time sharing control and battery pack charge / discharge control for electric vehicle are analyzed. The feasible measures to further reduce the fluctuation of tie-line power are discussed, and the photovoltaic capacity and charging power of electric vehicle are put forward. Recommended for optimal configuration of battery pack capacity.
【學位授予單位】：天津大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM711

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