本文關(guān)鍵詞：可再生能源發(fā)電及其控制策略的研究　出處：《北京理工大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 風(fēng)能 功率密度函數(shù) 威布爾分布 瑞利分布 頻率分布 容量系數(shù) 風(fēng)玫瑰 統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù) 經(jīng)濟(jì)分析 太陽能 日照時數(shù) 晴空指數(shù) 全球水平輻射 散射輻射 傾斜角

【摘要】：能源，來自多種資源的現(xiàn)代生活必需品，變化成各種形態(tài)推動所有系統(tǒng)的運行。世界上每一個國家的大多數(shù)人完全依賴于源源不斷供給到他們生活和工作環(huán)境的能源。任何國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會的穩(wěn)定在很大程度地建立在可利用的能源上面。能源是發(fā)展中國家向發(fā)達(dá)的國家邁進(jìn)，也是民族變得更加繁榮昌盛的最強(qiáng)大的武器。幾十年來，核能和化石燃料是大多數(shù)發(fā)達(dá)國家和一些發(fā)展中國家能源的核心來源。核技術(shù)在發(fā)展中國家能源生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域的使用面臨很多障礙，例如成本高，技術(shù)壁壘和國際限制等。此外，核電站產(chǎn)生的核廢料會造成嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境問題。以目前的開采速度，化石燃料預(yù)計將在未來數(shù)十年內(nèi)耗盡�；剂系拈L期使用也會造成污染，于是溫室氣體排放和氣候變化的影響將很快遍布整個地球。環(huán)境的惡化，上漲的能源價格，供應(yīng)的不確定性，以及核能源問題使得能源的發(fā)展趨勢越來越不可持續(xù)，因此有必要的在能源安全，環(huán)境保護(hù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展之間取得更好的平衡。因此使用新型的，持久的，貼近自然的，便宜干凈的能源是非常明智的。在目前的情況下，可再生能源，諸如風(fēng)能、太陽能、沼氣、地?zé)嵋约俺毕侨祟愖詈玫倪x擇。自然屬性和無窮無盡的來源使得可再生能源有可能為人類環(huán)境和經(jīng)濟(jì)所面臨的各種問題提供解決途徑。 巴基斯坦擁有豐富的可再生能源和幾乎所有類型的潛在可再生能源。例如太陽能(光伏、熱)、沼氣、風(fēng)、生物能、地?zé)�、轉(zhuǎn)廢為能、潮汐/海洋能源等等。本研究的主要目的是探索、分析和評估在巴基斯坦信德省的可再生能源資源和其發(fā)電潛力。對太陽能資源的評估已經(jīng)進(jìn)行并確定其潛在位置是信德省的南部地區(qū)。由于太陽能測試的發(fā)散數(shù)據(jù)無法使用，因此使用一些現(xiàn)有的模型來估計太陽輻射的組成。九個新模型被用來預(yù)測在傾斜面上的太陽輻射，并且基于測試結(jié)果的統(tǒng)計指標(biāo)選擇了最好的模型。每個月的、季節(jié)性的、半年和年度最佳傾角已經(jīng)確定。最佳傾角從今年5月,6月和7月的0變成12月的49。年最佳傾斜角為23。每個月最佳垂直表面上的太陽照射和輻射的總量都經(jīng)過計算然后與水平表面上的進(jìn)行比較。調(diào)查地點推薦半年度調(diào)整一次最佳傾角，因為和月度調(diào)整和季節(jié)性調(diào)整相比，太陽能年收益的差別很小。通過整年和四季的總能量的計算，推導(dǎo)出了獲得能量最大年收益的最佳傾角。 在信德省南部地區(qū)的Babaurband、Hawksbay和Gharo這些地方，，風(fēng)能資源的技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)評估已經(jīng)進(jìn)行。三地的實時風(fēng)力數(shù)據(jù)的收集從2003年便開始一直持續(xù)到到2011年，并且分析估計了三個地方風(fēng)的威布爾分布數(shù)據(jù)和威布爾參數(shù)。不同的制造商的風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)發(fā)電以及成本分析也已完成。 在Gharo，年平均風(fēng)速超過5米/秒。最有可能的風(fēng)速為9.356米/秒，攜帶能量最大的風(fēng)速是11.43米/秒。風(fēng)功率和能量密度超過260瓦/平方米和2300千瓦/平方米。五年內(nèi)，在Gharo幾乎所有的風(fēng)向是西風(fēng)。GE45.7風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)產(chǎn)生0.56容量因子的11.220GWh能量。估計每千瓦時的能源成本是0.0255美元。 Babaurband站點的年平均風(fēng)速為6.712米/秒，在80m高度的功率密度為310瓦/平方米，在四月至八月有高功率密度（最高點是五月份的風(fēng)速9.595米/秒，功率密度732瓦/平方米）。估計每千瓦時來自風(fēng)能的電力的的成本是0.0263美元/千瓦時。 每年四月到八月，在Hawksbay, Karachi海拔為80米的高功率密度區(qū)的平均風(fēng)速是5.9m/s，功率密度為197w/m2，估計每千瓦時成本是0.0345美元。 本研究工作使用7種數(shù)值方法來分析和比較候選位置可用風(fēng)力數(shù)據(jù)的威布爾尺度和形狀參數(shù)的。
[Abstract]:Energy resources from a variety of modern necessities of life, changes in a variety of forms to promote all the operation of the system. Most of the people in the world each country is completely dependent on the Everfount supply to their living and working environment of energy. Any country's economic and social stability in the largely based on available energy energy. Is developing to developed countries is also becoming more thriving and prosperous nation forward, the most powerful weapon. For decades, nuclear and fossil fuels are the most developed countries and some developing countries. The core of energy sources to use nuclear technology in developing countries in the field of energy production is faced with many obstacles, such as high cost, technical barriers and international restrictions. In addition nuclear power plant, the nuclear waste will cause serious environmental problems. In the current production rate, the fossil fuel is expected to be in The next few decades exhausted. The long-term use of fossil fuels will cause pollution, so the impact of greenhouse gas emissions and climate change will soon spread across the globe. The deterioration of the environment, rising energy prices, supply uncertainty, and nuclear energy problems make the development trend of energy increasingly unsustainable, so it is necessary to in energy security, achieve a better balance between environmental protection and economic development. Therefore the use of new, durable, natural, clean and cheap energy is very wise. In the current situation, renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar, biogas, geothermal and tidal is the best choice for human sources. Natural and inexhaustible renewable energy makes possible problems facing the human environment and economy to provide solutions.
Pakistan has abundant renewable energy potential and almost all types of renewable energy such as solar energy. (photovoltaic, thermal), biogas, wind, biomass, geothermal, waste to energy, tidal energy / Ocean and so on. The main purpose of this study is to explore, analysis and evaluation in Pakistan province of Sindh and its renewable energy resources power has potential. Assessment of solar energy resources and determine its potential position in southern Sindh province. Due to the divergence of data solar test can not be used, so the use of some existing models to estimate the composition of solar radiation. Nine new model was used to predict the inclination of solar radiation on the inclined plane, and based on the statistical index the test results of selecting the best model. The monthly, seasonal, semiannual and annual best angle has been determined. The best angle from May this year, June and July 0 to December A total of 49. years the optimum tilt angle as the sun radiation and the monthly 23. best on the vertical surface are calculated and compared with the horizontal surface. The semi annual survey sites recommend a best angle adjustment, and because the monthly and seasonal adjustment compared to solar energy adjustment, annual earnings by calculating the difference is very small. The total energy and the four seasons of the year, deduced the best angle for maximum energy annual revenue.
In the southern province of Sindh Babaurband, Hawksbay and Gharo in these places, the technical and economic evaluation of wind energy resources has been carried out. Three the real-time wind data collection began until 2011 from 2003, and the estimation and analysis of three local wind Weibull distribution and Weibull parameters data of different manufacturers. The wind turbines and the cost analysis has been completed.
In Gharo, the annual average wind speed of more than 5 meters per second wind speed. The most likely to carry the wind speed 9.356 M / s, the maximum energy is 11.43 meters / sec. Wind power and energy density of more than 260 w / m2 and 2300 kW / m2. In five years, almost all of the Gharo is westerly wind.GE45.7 wind turbines to generate 0.56 capacity factor 11.220GWh. Energy estimation per kWh of energy cost is $0.0255.
The annual average wind speed of Babaurband site is 6.712 M / s in 80m high power density of 310 watts / square meter, a high power density in April to August (the highest point is the May wind speed 9.595 M / s, the power density of 732 w / m2). To estimate the power per kilowatt hour from the wind the cost is $0.0263 / kWh.
From April to August, the average wind speed at Hawksbay, Karachi at 80 meters above sea level is 5.9m/s, and the power density is 197w/m2. The estimated cost is 0.0345 dollars per kilowatt hour.
In this study, 7 numerical methods are used to analyze and compare the Weibull scale and shape parameters of the candidate locations of the wind data.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM61


本文編號：1394624