本文關(guān)鍵詞：永磁直驅(qū)風(fēng)電變流器電流控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與優(yōu)化研究　出處：《華中科技大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 電流控制 LCL濾波器 同步鎖相環(huán) 永磁同步電機(jī) 復(fù)合預(yù)測無差拍 無傳感器控制

【摘要】：隨著傳統(tǒng)化石能源的日益枯竭和全球生態(tài)環(huán)境的嚴(yán)重惡化,可再生能源的并網(wǎng)發(fā)電已成為當(dāng)前清潔能源利用的研究熱點(diǎn)。其中,風(fēng)力發(fā)電得到了世界各國和地區(qū)的重視。永磁直驅(qū)式風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組具有可靠性好、發(fā)電效率高、故障穿越能力強(qiáng)等技術(shù)優(yōu)點(diǎn),而電流控制則是決定上述機(jī)組運(yùn)行性能的關(guān)鍵所在。為此,本文圍繞永磁直驅(qū)式風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組,針對其電流控制系統(tǒng)(包括濾波器、電流調(diào)節(jié)器和鎖相環(huán)等因素在內(nèi))的設(shè)計(jì)和優(yōu)化方法進(jìn)行深入、細(xì)致的研究,并取得了以下研究成果： (1)針對T型LCL濾波結(jié)構(gòu),在滿足并網(wǎng)要求的前提條件下,本文提出了一種盡量減少電感磁性元件的濾波器參數(shù)優(yōu)化方法。首先,為避免濾波器諧波衰減特性的過設(shè)計(jì)(濾波電感設(shè)計(jì)冗余),本文精確分析了空間矢量調(diào)制策略下的諧波電壓分布特性,并給出了一種諧波電壓幅值的計(jì)算方法；在此基礎(chǔ)上,定義了諧波畸變系數(shù)以衡量各次諧波電壓對并網(wǎng)電流畸變的影響程度；隨后,基于LCL濾波器的數(shù)學(xué)模型,建立了濾波器參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)的約束條件,通過遞推迭代的設(shè)計(jì)方式計(jì)算并網(wǎng)變換器的諧波最大工作點(diǎn),并結(jié)合圖示法優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)濾波器的參數(shù)組合。基于該設(shè)計(jì)方法,能夠準(zhǔn)確設(shè)計(jì)濾波器的諧波衰減特性,有效地降低了濾波電感的設(shè)計(jì)冗余。 (2)為了改善并網(wǎng)電流控制的靜態(tài)和暫態(tài)響應(yīng)特性,針對高階的LCL型并網(wǎng)變換器的電流控制系統(tǒng),本文提出了一種考慮鎖相環(huán)性能影響的電流環(huán)調(diào)節(jié)器參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)和優(yōu)化方法。首先,考慮數(shù)字控制延遲和電網(wǎng)線路阻抗的影響,在連續(xù)域內(nèi)建立了并網(wǎng)電流控制系統(tǒng)的精確靜態(tài)模型,由此得到準(zhǔn)確反映系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)特性的幅值裕度、相位裕度和靜態(tài)誤差目標(biāo)函數(shù)；在此基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)系統(tǒng)要求適應(yīng)的電網(wǎng)環(huán)境和所需滿足的量化性能指標(biāo),通過圖示法直接得到同時(shí)滿足各項(xiàng)性能要求的參數(shù)取值區(qū)域。隨后,考慮鎖相環(huán)動(dòng)態(tài)過程的影響,建立了并網(wǎng)電流控制系統(tǒng)的暫態(tài)模型。將其暫態(tài)特征方程作為優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)暫態(tài)響應(yīng)特性的目標(biāo)函數(shù),并進(jìn)一步通過根軌跡法對已有參數(shù)取值區(qū)間進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,得到性能更優(yōu)的控制器參數(shù)組合。于此同時(shí),本文還提出了一種基于濾波電容支路電壓正序分量的前饋控制方法,有效提高了并網(wǎng)電流控制對電網(wǎng)電壓擾動(dòng)的抑制能力。本文以雙同步PI電流控制器為設(shè)計(jì)對象,結(jié)合所提控制器參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)方法和電壓前饋控制方法,有效地改善了并網(wǎng)電流控制的動(dòng)靜態(tài)響應(yīng)和并網(wǎng)變換器對電網(wǎng)環(huán)境的適應(yīng)性。 (3)針對永磁同步發(fā)電機(jī)的矢量控制系統(tǒng)(包括同步定向和定子電流控制),本文提出了一種基于改進(jìn)的復(fù)合預(yù)測無差拍控制算法結(jié)合同步鎖相環(huán)的無傳感器矢量控制方案。在該方案中,基于傳統(tǒng)的無差拍控制算法結(jié)構(gòu),引入串聯(lián)補(bǔ)償?shù)墓浪惴措妱?dòng)勢前饋,改善了系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性、提高了系統(tǒng)的擾動(dòng)抑制能力；隨后,基于Lunberger算法、引入預(yù)測權(quán)值對定子電流超前一拍預(yù)測,有效補(bǔ)償了數(shù)字控制固有一拍滯后的延遲影響；而結(jié)合估算反電勢的同步鎖相環(huán)觀測模型,則快速準(zhǔn)確地實(shí)現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)子位置角和轉(zhuǎn)速信息的觀測,實(shí)現(xiàn)了無傳感器的同步定向和速度反饋。在此基礎(chǔ)上,考慮數(shù)字控制延遲、電機(jī)參數(shù)失配以及同步定向誤差角的影響,建立了無傳感器矢量控制系統(tǒng)的精確離散域模型,并基于閉環(huán)系統(tǒng)的特征方程,通過Jury穩(wěn)定判據(jù)和閉環(huán)根軌跡,對預(yù)測無差拍控制器進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),有效地改善了永磁同步電機(jī)無傳感器矢量控制的動(dòng)靜態(tài)響應(yīng)和參數(shù)魯棒性。 (4)最后,基于文中所述設(shè)計(jì)方法,搭建了一套10kW永磁直驅(qū)式風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺,對永磁直驅(qū)式風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組進(jìn)行了相關(guān)的實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果和仿真分析基本一致,證明了本文中所述理論建模分析的正確性以及所提設(shè)計(jì)和優(yōu)化方法的有效性。
[Abstract]:With the serious deterioration of the traditional fossil energy exhausting and global ecological environment, and power generation of renewable energy has become a hotspot of current research. The use of clean energy, wind power has been developed countries and regions of the world's attention. Direct drive permanent magnet wind generator group has good reliability, high power generation efficiency, fault crossing ability the advantages, while the current control is the key to decide the operation performance of the unit. Therefore, this paper focuses on the direct drive permanent magnet wind turbine control system, according to the current (including factors including filter, current regulator and phase-locked loop) design and optimization methods of in-depth, detailed research, and achieved the research results are as follows:
(1) for T type LCL filter structure, to meet the requirements of the grid under the premise, this paper proposes a filter parameter optimization method to reduce the inductance of the magnetic components. First, to avoid the design of filter harmonic attenuation (filter inductor design, this paper analyzed the redundancy) accurate harmonic voltage distribution characteristics of space vector modulation under the strategy, and gives the calculation method of harmonic voltage amplitude; on this basis, the definition of the harmonic distortion coefficient to measure the degree of influence of each harmonic voltage on grid current distortion; then, a mathematical model based on LCL filter, and set up the constraint conditions of the filter parameters design, the maximum working point calculation grid harmonic transform designed by way of recursive iteration, and combined with the parameters of filter design method. The optimization design method based on graphic design, can accurately filter the harmonic The wave attenuation characteristic reduces the design redundancy of the filter inductor effectively.
(2) in order to improve the grid current control of static and transient response characteristics, control system for current LCL type grid connected converter of high order, proposed a current regulator parameters considering the effect on the performance of PLL loop design and optimization method. Firstly, considering the influence of the digital control delay and power line impedance, in continuous domain precise static model of grid connected current control system is established, which accurately reflect the response characteristics of the system gain margin, phase margin and static error objective function; on this basis, according to the requirements of the power grid system to adapt to the environment and meet the needs of the quantitative performance index directly, can simultaneously meet the parameters of regional performance required by the law. Then, considering the influence of phase locked loop dynamic process, a transient model of current control system. The grid transient characteristic equation for The objective function characteristics of the transient response of the system design, and further through the root locus method of interval value of existing parameters are optimized to get better performance of controller parameters. At the same time, this paper also proposes a feedforward control method of filter capacitor voltage based on positive sequence component, effectively improve the grid current control inhibition the disturbance of the power grid voltage. Based on dual synchronous PI current controller as the design object, combined with the proposed controller parameter design method and voltage feedforward control method can effectively improve the dynamic response and adaptability of State Grid converter grid current control for grid environment.
(3) for the vector control system of permanent magnet synchronous generator (including directional synchronization and stator current control), this paper presents a composite prediction based on the improved deadbeat control algorithm combining phase locked loop sensorless vector control scheme. In this scheme, the deadbeat control algorithm based on the traditional structure. The introduction of series compensation estimated back electromotive force feedforward, improves system stability and disturbance rejection ability of the system has been improved; then, based on the Lunberger algorithm, is introduced to predict the weight of stator current advance a prediction, effectively compensate for the inherent delay of digital control delay and take effect; combined with the estimated back EMF synchronous ring observation model is fast and accurate observation of rotor position angle and speed, realize sensorless synchronous directional and speed feedback. On this basis, taking into account the number of words control delay, The influence of motor parameters and directional synchronization error angle, established the precise discrete domain model of sensorless vector control system, and based on the characteristic equation of the closed-loop system, through the Jury stability criterion and a closed track, deadbeat controller to optimize the design of prediction, and effectively improve the sensorless vector control of dynamic and static response and the robustness of the parameters of permanent magnet synchronous motor.
(4) finally, the design method based on a set of simulation platform of 10kW permanent magnet direct drive wind power system, the direct drive permanent magnet wind turbines were related experiments. The experimental results and analysis of simulation are basically the same, to prove the correctness of the theoretical modeling analysis in this paper, the effectiveness of the proposed design and optimization method.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM315

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