【摘要】：在未來的全球能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展中,大規(guī)模低損耗電能輸送將成為我國輸電網(wǎng)的主要挑戰(zhàn)。自1986年高溫超導(dǎo)體發(fā)現(xiàn)以來,超導(dǎo)電纜輸電技術(shù)便成為熱點研究方向之一,超導(dǎo)電纜與常規(guī)電纜相比具有重量輕、體積小、傳輸容量大、損耗小等優(yōu)點。液氫和電能混合輸送超導(dǎo)電纜相對液氮冷卻超導(dǎo)電纜在輸送容量上具有巨大優(yōu)勢,成為最有希望解決未來大規(guī)模低損耗電能輸送的方案。國內(nèi)對液氮作為冷卻介質(zhì)的高溫超導(dǎo)電纜做了很多研究,使用液氫作為冷卻介質(zhì)的氫電混輸電纜還鮮有報道。論文對液氫溫區(qū)下超導(dǎo)電纜結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計進行了可行性研究,為未來能源互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展提供一種可選的方式。論文首先對目前常用的高溫超導(dǎo)材料的基本特性進行了對比,選出MgB2最適合作為氫電混輸電纜的超導(dǎo)帶材。然后介紹了高溫超導(dǎo)電纜的結(jié)構(gòu),基于超導(dǎo)電纜特殊的結(jié)構(gòu)建立了數(shù)學模型,并根據(jù)數(shù)學模型計算出了超導(dǎo)電纜電磁參數(shù)矩陣方程,分析了超導(dǎo)電纜導(dǎo)體層繞制角變化對超導(dǎo)電纜載流性能的影響。重點研究了液氫環(huán)境中超導(dǎo)電纜銅骨架、主絕緣層、導(dǎo)體層設(shè)計的基本理論,根據(jù)液氫溫區(qū)下銅的物理性質(zhì),依據(jù)熱穩(wěn)定性原則計算了超導(dǎo)電纜銅骨架最小橫截面積。對比分析了常用低溫絕緣材料的特性,選出了聚丙烯層壓紙(PPLP)作為主絕緣層的絕緣材料。通過最大工作場強的方法計算出了絕緣層的厚度,并仿真驗證了計算結(jié)果的可行性。最后根據(jù)項目110kV/4kA的目標設(shè)計出了一根兩層導(dǎo)體層的高溫超導(dǎo)電纜。此外,論文應(yīng)用COMSOL有限元分析軟件數(shù)學模塊的PDE接口,建立了 MgB2超導(dǎo)帶材以及超導(dǎo)電纜的二維仿真模型。對MgB2超導(dǎo)帶材的電流密度分布和交流損耗進行了仿真計算,并且和理論計算結(jié)果進行了比較,驗證了所建立的仿真模型的有效性和正確性,并進一步仿真得到了超導(dǎo)電纜每層導(dǎo)體層的電流分布情況。最后,搭建了超導(dǎo)電纜載流能力測試實驗平臺�；谠O(shè)計出的電纜模型參數(shù)手工繞制了一根50cm長電纜模型,并對電纜在制冷機20K溫區(qū)下進行了載流能力測試。由于實驗直流電源最大電流輸出的限制,沒能測得電纜的臨界電流,實驗結(jié)果表明,所設(shè)計超導(dǎo)電纜在通流1000A時能穩(wěn)定運行。
[Abstract]:In the future development of global energy Internet, large-scale low-loss power transmission will become the main challenge of China's transmission network. Since the discovery of high temperature superconductors in 1986, superconducting cable transmission technology has become one of the hot research directions. Compared with conventional cables, superconducting cables have the advantages of light weight, small volume, large transmission capacity and low loss. The hybrid transmission superconducting cable of liquid hydrogen and electric energy has great advantages over the transmission capacity of liquid nitrogen cooled superconducting cable, and it has become the most promising scheme to solve the problem of large scale and low loss power transmission in the future. A lot of research has been done on high temperature superconducting cables with liquid nitrogen as cooling medium in China, and there are few reports on hydrogen electric hybrid cables using liquid hydrogen as cooling medium. In this paper, the feasibility of superconducting cable structure design in liquid hydrogen temperature region is studied, which provides an optional way for the development of energy Internet in the future. In this paper, the basic characteristics of high temperature superconducting materials are compared, and MgB2 is selected as the most suitable superconducting strip for hydrogen-electric mixed transmission cable. Then the structure of HTS cable is introduced. based on the special structure of superconducting cable, the mathematical model is established, and the electromagnetic parameter matrix equation of superconducting cable is calculated according to the mathematical model. The influence of the change of conductor layer winding angle on the current carrying performance of superconducting cable is analyzed. The basic theory of copper skeleton, main insulator layer and conductor layer design of superconducting cable in liquid hydrogen environment is studied emphatically. according to the physical properties of copper in liquid hydrogen temperature region, the minimum cross section area of copper skeleton of superconducting cable is calculated according to the principle of thermal stability. The characteristics of common low temperature insulation materials were compared and analyzed, and polypropylene laminated paper (PPLP) was selected as the insulation material of the main insulation layer. The thickness of insulation layer is calculated by the method of maximum working field strength, and the feasibility of the calculation result is verified by simulation. Finally, according to the goal of project 110kV/4kA, a two-layer conductor layer HTS cable is designed. In addition, the two-dimensional simulation model of MgB2 superconducting strip and superconducting cable is established by using the PDE interface of the mathematical module of COMSOL finite element analysis software. The current density distribution and AC loss of MgB2 superconducting strip are simulated and compared with the theoretical calculation results, and the validity and correctness of the simulation model are verified. The current distribution of each conductor layer of superconducting cable is further simulated. Finally, an experimental platform for testing the current carrying capacity of superconducting cables is built. Based on the designed cable model parameters, a 50cm long cable model is wound manually, and the current carrying capacity of the cable is tested in the 20K temperature range of the refrigerator. Due to the limitation of the maximum current output of the experimental DC power supply, the critical current of the cable can not be measured. The experimental results show that the designed superconducting cable can run stably at the current of 1000A.
【學位授予單位】：北京交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM249.7

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