【摘要】：能源是人類生活的物質基礎,傳統(tǒng)的不可再生能源已經不能滿足人類社會對能源的需求。新能源的開發(fā)和利用成為了解決能源問題的關鍵,在眾多新能源中,太陽能以其清潔、可再生等優(yōu)點受到世界各國的重視。逆變器是光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)中電能轉換的關鍵,所以要盡可能的提高逆變器的效率。隨著大功率設備的廣泛應用,逆變器的控制精度、效率等需要進一步提高。由于兩級式光伏逆變器具有可以擴寬直流輸入側電壓范圍,且控制方法簡單、具有良好的系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性和同步性等方面的優(yōu)勢,得到了廣泛的應用。本文提出了一種新型兩級式中點可調三電平逆變器,給出調制方法并進行仿真分析。文章首先介紹了逆變技術的研究背景和發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,著重分析了三種基本三電平逆變器的工作原理和優(yōu)缺點,對一種NPC逆變器衍生的T型三電平逆變器進行分析,并將其應用在新的電路中。然后,針對普通兩級式逆變器升壓電路開關損耗大,沒有合理的利用前級和后級之間的聯(lián)系,僅使用后級調節(jié)中點電壓平衡等問題,提出了一種新型兩級式中點可調三電平逆變器,并詳細分析了電路的拓撲結構和中點電壓可調的工作原理。以二極管鉗位式三電平逆變器為例,分析了載波層疊法、開關頻率優(yōu)化PWM法、消除特定諧波PWM法及空間矢量PWM法等幾種常用多電平PWM調制方法的工作原理和適用范圍,采用1/4三次諧波注入和對稱平頂波PWM法作為后級的調制方法,分析和比較了兩種方法下逆變器輸出電壓的諧波畸變率。在MATLAB中SIMULINK環(huán)境下建立了電路系統(tǒng)的仿真模型,仿真結果證明了新型電路的可行性和先進性。在理論和仿真的基礎上,以型號為STM32F103VBT6的ARM芯片作為核心處理器設計了新型的兩級式中點可調的三電平逆變器的硬件電路,并對硬件系統(tǒng)進行了詳細的介紹。最后,對全文所做的工作進行了總結和展望。
[Abstract]:Energy is the material basis of human life, traditional non-renewable energy can not meet the needs of human society for energy. The development and utilization of new energy has become the key to solve the energy problem. Among the many new energy sources solar energy has been paid attention to by many countries for its advantages such as clean renewable and so on. Inverter is the key to power conversion in photovoltaic power generation system, so the efficiency of inverter should be improved as much as possible. With the wide application of high power equipment, the control accuracy and efficiency of inverter need to be further improved. Because the two-stage photovoltaic inverter can widen the DC input voltage range, and the control method is simple, it has the advantages of good system stability and synchronization, so it has been widely used. In this paper, a new type of two-stage mid-point adjustable three-level inverter is presented, and the modulation method is given and the simulation analysis is carried out. Firstly, this paper introduces the research background and development status of three basic three-level inverters, analyzes the working principles, advantages and disadvantages of three basic three-level inverters, and analyzes a T-type three-level inverter derived from NPC inverter. And it is applied to the new circuit. Then, aiming at the large switching loss of the common two-stage inverter boost circuit, there is no reasonable use of the relationship between the front stage and the back stage, and only the latter stage is used to adjust the midpoint voltage balance, and so on. A novel two-stage mid-point adjustable three-level inverter is proposed. The topology of the circuit and the working principle of the adjustable midpoint voltage are analyzed in detail. Taking diode-clamped three-level inverter as an example, the working principle and application range of several common multilevel PWM modulation methods, such as carrier stacking method, switching frequency optimization PWM method, elimination of specific harmonic PWM method and space vector PWM method, are analyzed. The harmonic distortion rate of the output voltage of the inverter is analyzed and compared by using 1 ~ 4 third harmonic injection method and symmetric flat top wave PWM method as the back stage modulation methods. The simulation model of the circuit system is established in the environment of SIMULINK in MATLAB. The simulation results show that the new circuit is feasible and advanced. On the basis of theory and simulation, the hardware circuit of a new two-stage three-level inverter with adjustable mid-point is designed by using ARM chip of model STM32F103VBT6 as the core processor, and the hardware system is introduced in detail. Finally, the work done in this paper is summarized and prospected.
【學位授予單位】：鄭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TM464

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