【摘要】：當(dāng)今社會(huì)飛速發(fā)展,所伴隨著對(duì)電能的需求也越來(lái)越大,其中架空輸電線路的安全運(yùn)行對(duì)于電網(wǎng)-的穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行十分重要,所以高壓輸電線路對(duì)于雷電的防護(hù)變得極為重要。根據(jù)電網(wǎng)的輸電線路實(shí)際運(yùn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)表明,雷擊是引發(fā)輸電線路出現(xiàn)閃絡(luò)而跳閘的重要因素,尤其在我國(guó)南方地區(qū)雷擊事故頻繁發(fā)生。本文為了大幅度降低雷擊造成的跳閘事故發(fā)生率,針對(duì)一些傳統(tǒng)的防雷理念的不足之處,提出并研發(fā)了一種可以利用爆炸氣流來(lái)達(dá)到深度抑制建弧的防雷間隙。因此本文對(duì)爆炸氣流抑制建弧的機(jī)理進(jìn)行分析,建立了爆炸氣流沖擊波模型,將爆炸氣流等同于爆炸沖擊波來(lái)分析,同時(shí)從電弧的各項(xiàng)特性參數(shù)如溫度,直徑,電位梯度等出發(fā),分析了電弧的發(fā)展變化。分析了電弧的能量變化過(guò)程,建立了電弧能量平衡模型,從能量角度對(duì)于電弧散熱方式進(jìn)行分析,主要有對(duì)流,輻射,熱傳導(dǎo)三種散熱方式,結(jié)合爆炸氣流滅弧的過(guò)程中,通過(guò)橫吹和縱吹兩種作用,加強(qiáng)了對(duì)流的作用,同時(shí)使得.電弧通道被改變,加強(qiáng)了電弧的對(duì)流散熱,使電弧急速冷卻,達(dá)到電弧熄滅的溫度條件,使得對(duì)流散熱功率遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于產(chǎn)熱功率,從而打破能量平衡,達(dá)到了建弧抑制的效果。其次,根據(jù)電弧能量平衡理論建立氣流耦合電弧的模型,利用Fluent仿真軟件對(duì)爆炸氣流滅弧的全過(guò)程進(jìn)行仿真模擬,得出其中的溫度場(chǎng)和速度場(chǎng)的分布圖,直觀的表明了能量體被觸發(fā)后產(chǎn)生了速度極高的氣流并迅速膨脹至整個(gè)滅弧空間,持續(xù)沖擊電弧使得電弧能量平衡迅速被徹底破壞,溫度迅速下降至常溫,有效抑制了建弧。另外,對(duì)爆炸滅弧防雷間隙進(jìn)行了沖壓試驗(yàn)和工頻電弧抑制的試驗(yàn),并使用高速攝像機(jī)對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程進(jìn)行了拍攝和記錄,得出熄滅工頻電弧的所用時(shí)間為3.8ms,使得電弧在建弧階段就被熄滅,通過(guò)理論和試驗(yàn)結(jié)合充分表明了研究成果的有效性。同時(shí)通過(guò)實(shí)際的掛網(wǎng)運(yùn)行,對(duì)于電網(wǎng)輸電線路的安全運(yùn)行也取得了顯著的成效。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, with the rapid development of society, the demand for electric energy is increasing. The safe operation of overhead transmission lines is very important to the stable operation of the power grid, so the high voltage transmission lines are very important for the protection of lightning and lightning. According to the actual operation statistics of transmission lines in power grid, lightning strike is an important factor causing flashover and tripping of transmission lines, especially in southern China. In order to greatly reduce the incidence of tripping accidents caused by lightning strikes, in view of the shortcomings of some traditional lightning protection concepts, this paper proposes and develops a kind of anti-lightning clearance which can be deeply restrained by explosive airflow. Therefore, this paper analyzes the mechanism of suppressing arc building by explosion gas flow, and establishes the blast wave model, which equates the explosion gas flow with explosion shock wave. At the same time, according to the characteristic parameters of arc, such as temperature and diameter, The electric potential gradient and so on are used to analyze the development and variation of arc. The energy change process of arc is analyzed, and the model of arc energy balance is established. The heat dissipation mode of arc is analyzed from the angle of energy, which mainly includes convection, radiation and heat conduction, combined with the process of arc suppression by explosive airflow. Through the action of horizontal blow and vertical blow, the effect of convection is strengthened, and at the same time, the effect of convection is enhanced. The arc channel is changed, which strengthens the convection heat dissipation of the arc, makes the arc cooling rapidly and reaches the temperature condition of arc quenching, which makes the convective heat dissipation power far greater than the heat generation power, thus breaking the energy balance and achieving the effect of arc-building suppression. Secondly, according to the theory of arc energy balance, the model of coupled gas flow arc is established, and the whole process of arc quenching is simulated by using Fluent simulation software, and the temperature field and velocity field are obtained, and the distribution diagram of the temperature field and velocity field is obtained. It is shown intuitively that the gas flow with extremely high velocity is produced after the energy body is triggered and expands rapidly to the entire arc extinguishing space. The arc energy balance is destroyed rapidly and the temperature drops to normal temperature, which effectively suppresses the arc construction due to the continuous impact of the arc. In addition, the stamping test and the power frequency arc suppression test were carried out on the explosion arc extinguishing clearance, and the experimental process was photographed and recorded by the high-speed camera. It was concluded that the time used to extinguish the power frequency arc was 3.8 Ms, and the time required to extinguish the power frequency arc was 3.8 Ms. The arc is extinguished in the arc-building stage, and the effectiveness of the research results is fully demonstrated by the combination of theory and experiment. At the same time, the safety operation of the transmission line is also achieved through the actual operation of the grid.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM863

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本文編號(hào)：2455882