【摘要】：當(dāng)今照明行業(yè)對(duì)于道路燈具的設(shè)計(jì)要求越來(lái)越高,所設(shè)計(jì)透鏡的配光不僅要滿足《城市道路照明設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》和《道路照明燈具節(jié)能認(rèn)證技術(shù)要求》中的要求,且在原有的道路基礎(chǔ)上要實(shí)現(xiàn)其道路亮度總均值、縱向亮度均勻值、照度總均勻度等的不斷提高,使其對(duì)行人和車輛駕駛員的眩光值降低,以此來(lái)提高道路安全系數(shù),減少因道路照明所引起的事故。目前國(guó)內(nèi)已經(jīng)有很多的LED路燈,但是其運(yùn)用的道路桿距比(相鄰兩燈具距離與桿高的比值)為3.2、3.5、3.6、3.8、4.0等,限制了道路燈具的排布,增大了道路照明成本。因此需要對(duì)光學(xué)透鏡進(jìn)行新型設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)拓展道路照明技術(shù)的應(yīng)用范圍,進(jìn)一步提高LED道路照明的水平,降低道路照明建設(shè)的成本。為了提高LED路燈透鏡照明的質(zhì)量且降低道路照明成本,本文研究了桿距比為4.2的LED路燈透鏡的設(shè)計(jì)方案。依據(jù)LED光源發(fā)光原理、非成像光學(xué)理論和道路照明要求標(biāo)準(zhǔn),研究設(shè)計(jì)透鏡的偏微分方程求解法和試錯(cuò)法,利用兩種方法分別設(shè)計(jì)了適用四車道、六車道照明的LED路燈,并根據(jù)整體方案對(duì)光學(xué)系統(tǒng)的光路進(jìn)行仿真模擬,針對(duì)模擬結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析。試錯(cuò)法,即通過(guò)建模、光線追跡、場(chǎng)景模擬等分析結(jié)構(gòu),若模擬結(jié)果不符合道路照明要求,分析出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題的原因,對(duì)所建模型進(jìn)行點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)的試錯(cuò)修改,最終得到符合要求的光斑、配光及場(chǎng)景模擬結(jié)果。偏微分方程求解法,即根據(jù)斯涅耳定律,邊緣光線原理等建立初始的微分方程組,運(yùn)用MATLAB編程解出微分方程組的數(shù)值解,把得到的自由曲面上的離散點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入Solidworks中建模、模型導(dǎo)入Tracepro軟件進(jìn)行光線追跡,并在DIAlux進(jìn)行場(chǎng)景模擬,確定了最終的結(jié)構(gòu)。本文主要研究了LED路燈透鏡的光學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)及模具設(shè)計(jì)的方法、模具材料的選用和加工工藝、注塑加工材料以及其流程。運(yùn)用兩種不同方法設(shè)計(jì)得到兩款透鏡分別用于四車道和六車道照明;并且四車道透鏡的U0達(dá)到0.64、UI 0.78、TI 8、SR 0.53、Ehav 0.565、CU大于0.75;六車道透鏡的U0達(dá)到0.60、UI 0.76、TI 9、SR 0.78、Ehav 0.650、CU為0.60;均實(shí)現(xiàn)了桿距比為4.2的照明目的。使用熱流道模具加工生產(chǎn),獲得無(wú)水口料的透鏡,并對(duì)其產(chǎn)品性能進(jìn)行了實(shí)際測(cè)試,得到透鏡的光強(qiáng)曲線分布均滿足要求,驗(yàn)證了設(shè)計(jì)的正確性。使得同等100 km的道路照明,相對(duì)于安裝桿距比4.0路燈可節(jié)約120余盞燈具,大大降低了道路的照明成本。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, the lighting industry has higher and higher requirements for the design of road lamps and lanterns. The designed lens should not only meet the requirements of "Standard for Urban Road Lighting Design" and "Technical requirements for Energy Saving Certification of Road Lighting Lamps". On the basis of the original road, it is necessary to realize the continuous improvement of the total luminance average value, the longitudinal luminance uniform value and the total illumination uniformity value, so as to reduce the glare value to the pedestrians and vehicle drivers, so as to improve the road safety factor. Reduce accidents caused by road lighting. At present, there are a lot of LED street lamps in China, but the ratio of distance to height of two adjacent lamps is 3.2, 3.5, 3.6, 3.8, 4.0, etc., which limits the arrangement of road lamps and increases the cost of road lighting. Therefore, it is necessary to design a new type of optical lens to expand the application of road lighting technology, further improve the level of LED road lighting, and reduce the cost of road lighting construction. In order to improve the lighting quality of LED street lamp lens and reduce the cost of road lighting, the design scheme of LED street lamp lens with rod distance ratio of 4.2 is studied in this paper. According to the principle of LED light source, the theory of non-imaging optics and the requirement standard of road lighting, the solution of partial differential equation and the trial and error method of designing lens are studied. Using the two methods, the four-lane and six-lane LED street lamps are designed, respectively, which are suitable for four-lane and six-lane lighting. According to the whole scheme, the optical path of the optical system is simulated and the simulation results are analyzed. Trial and error method, that is, through modeling, ray tracing, scene simulation and other analysis structures, if the simulation results do not meet the requirements of road lighting, analyze the cause of the problems, and modify the point coordinates of the model. Finally, the results of light spot, light distribution and scene simulation are obtained. The solution of partial differential equation is that the initial differential equations are established according to Snell's law and edge ray principle, the numerical solution of differential equations is solved by MATLAB programming, and the data of discrete points on free-form surface is imported into Solidworks for modeling. The model is imported into Tracepro software for ray tracing, and the scene is simulated in DIAlux to determine the final structure. In this paper, the optical design and mold design method of LED street lamp lens, the selection and processing technology of mould material, injection molding material and its flow chart are studied. Using two different methods, two lenses were designed for four-lane and six-lane lighting, and the U _ 0 of four-lane lens was 0.64, UI 0.78, TI-8, SR 0.53, Ehav 0.565, CU greater than 0.75, and U0 of four-lane lens was 0.64, UI 0.78, TI-8, SR 0.53, Ehav 0.565. The U0 of the six-lane lens is 0.60, UI 0.76, TI 9, SR 0.78, Ehav 0.650 and CU 0.60. The lens of anhydrous port material was obtained by using hot runner mould, and the product performance was tested. The light intensity curve distribution of the lens met the requirements, and the correctness of the design was verified. The road lighting of the same 100 km can save more than 120 lamps compared with the installation pole distance ratio of 4.0 street lamps, which greatly reduces the lighting cost of the road.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM923.34

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本文編號(hào)：2450195