聚芴型共軛聚電解質(zhì)作為電子傳輸層應(yīng)用于太陽能電池
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-02 15:01
【摘要】：相比于無機硅太陽能電池,聚合物太陽能電池(PSCs)具有重量輕、價格低、便于攜帶,柔性好等優(yōu)點而被國內(nèi)外研究者關(guān)注。雖然經(jīng)過幾十年的發(fā)展,聚合物太陽能電池的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率已經(jīng)取得了巨大的進展(最高效率已經(jīng)超過12%),但是在產(chǎn)業(yè)化和商業(yè)化之前,其器件性能還有待提升。因此,通過設(shè)計合成新穎的材料以及制備更加高效的器件結(jié)構(gòu)來進一步優(yōu)化太陽能電池器件性能顯得尤為重要,另外,器件結(jié)構(gòu)中的界面調(diào)控對于提高器件的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率及穩(wěn)定性也至關(guān)重要。優(yōu)異的界面材料可以在電極/活性層界面形成有利偶極,利于電荷的提取和收集,在聚合物太陽能電池中不僅能減小能級勢壘起到關(guān)鍵的作用,還能夠改善活性層和相應(yīng)電極之間的界面接觸,最終優(yōu)化了太陽能電池的性能。本論文設(shè)計合成了一系列新型的P型有機電子傳輸層材料,通過調(diào)控界面偶極及能級結(jié)構(gòu),降低了氧化銦錫(ITO)的功函;另外,通過共軛聚電解質(zhì)在ITO上的自組裝及對上層活性層的誘導(dǎo),提高了電荷傳輸性能,最終提高整個太陽能電池的器件性能。眾所周知,共軛聚電解質(zhì)的極性基團可以在電極/活性層界面形成有利偶極,在聚合物太陽能電池中其能減小能級勢壘起到關(guān)鍵的作用。因此,我們設(shè)計合成了側(cè)鏈含不同百分數(shù)極性胺的共軛聚電解質(zhì),基于聚[(9,9-雙(3’-(N,N-二甲氨基)丙基)-2,7-芴)-協(xié)同-2,7-(9,9-二辛基芴)](PFNs)的衍生物(PFN30,PFN50,PFN70,PFN100),并研究極性基團的數(shù)量對界面偶極的影響。僅僅通過改變這些電解質(zhì)的極性胺數(shù)量,界面偶極就可以得到很好地調(diào)控。隨著極性胺增加,電解質(zhì)修飾的氧化銦錫功函降低就驗證了這一點。另外,增加極性胺的數(shù)目也有利于活性層形成光滑均一的形貌。因此PFNs衍生物的極性胺的含量對聚合物太陽能電池的性能產(chǎn)生很大的影響。增加界面層極性胺的數(shù)量可以有效地提高器件的效率。在這四個PFNs衍生物中,最高含量極性胺的PFN100在電池中獲得了3.27%的效率。這意味著,僅僅通過改變界面層共軛聚電解質(zhì)極性基團含量是界面工程方面發(fā)展高效率聚合物太陽能電池簡單易行和有前途的方法。另外,為了進一步優(yōu)化P型材料,鈍化其厚度敏感性,我們還設(shè)計合成了另外一系列共軛聚電解質(zhì)PFB,PFf_1B和PFf_4B替代ZnO作為電子傳輸層。和PFB電解質(zhì)不同的是,PFf1B和PFf4B聚合物骨架上分別引入一個氟和四個氟,并以此來調(diào)節(jié)界面偶極和電荷傳輸。研究中,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)離子和氫氟鍵誘導(dǎo)的雙偶極有益于調(diào)節(jié)氧化銦錫(ITO)電極的功函。另外,自組裝的氟化共軛聚電解質(zhì)也誘導(dǎo)上層活性層形成理想的納米線形貌。更有趣的是,在這些共軛聚電解質(zhì)中發(fā)現(xiàn)了氟誘導(dǎo)的電子轉(zhuǎn)移支撐的n型摻雜,從而提高了電子遷移率。結(jié)果更進一步顯示這些氟化共軛聚電解質(zhì)在不同活性層的聚合物太陽能電池具有適用性。更值得一提的是,具有最高氟原子含量的PFf4B在厚度達到31.8納米的時候還能有效地工作,突破了最近報告的共軛聚電解質(zhì)界面層的厚度限制。綜上表明,優(yōu)化的P型共軛聚電解質(zhì)在器件中不僅能調(diào)控界面偶極及改善電極與活性層的界面接觸,還具有很好的自組裝性能,而且由于其自摻雜效應(yīng)能進一步提高電子的傳輸能力,這對于提高聚合物太陽能電池的器件性能以及以后的大面積生產(chǎn)具有重要的指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:Compared with the inorganic silicon solar cell, the polymer solar cell (PSCs) has the advantages of light weight, low price, convenient carrying, good flexibility and the like, and is attracted by the researchers at home and abroad. Despite decades of development, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the polymer solar cell has made great progress (the highest efficiency has been more than 12%), but before the industrialization and commercialization, the device performance of the polymer solar cell is still to be improved. Therefore, it is particularly important to further optimize the performance of the solar cell device by designing a novel material and a more efficient device structure. In addition, the interface regulation in the device structure is also essential for improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and the stability of the device. the excellent interface material can form an advantageous dipole at the interface of the electrode/ active layer, is beneficial to the extraction and collection of electric charges, not only can reduce the energy level barrier in the polymer solar cell, but also can improve the interface contact between the active layer and the corresponding electrode, And finally the performance of the solar cell is optimized. In this paper, a series of new P-type organic electron transport layer materials were designed, and the work function of tin oxide (ITO) was reduced by controlling the interface dipole and energy level structure. In addition, the self-assembly of the polyelectrolytes on ITO and the induction of the upper active layer were studied. The charge transfer performance is improved, and the device performance of the whole solar cell is finally improved. It is well known that the polar group of the copolyelectrolytes can form an advantageous dipole at the electrode/ active layer interface, which plays a critical role in the reduction of the energy level barrier in the polymer solar cell. Thus, we have designed a copolyelectrolytes containing different percentages of polar amines in the side chain, based on the derivatives of poly[(9,9-bis (3 '-(N, N-dimethylamino) propyl) -2,2,7-1)-co-2,7-(9,9-dioctylphenyl)] (PFNs) (PFN30, PFN50, PFN70, PFN100), And the effect of the number of polar groups on the interface dipole is studied. By changing the number of polar amines of these electrolytes, the interfacial dipole can be well regulated. As the polar amine is increased, this is verified by the reduction in the function of the oxidation of the electrolyte modified by the electrolyte. In addition, increasing the number of polar amines also facilitates the formation of a smooth uniform topography of the active layer. The content of the polar amine of the PFNs derivative thus has a great effect on the performance of the polymer solar cell. Increasing the number of interfacial layer polar amines can effectively improve the efficiency of the device. In these four PFNs derivatives, the PFN 100 with the highest content of polar amine obtained 3.27% efficiency in the cell. This means that it is a simple and promising way to develop high-efficiency polymer solar cells in the aspect of interface engineering only by changing the interfacial layer copolyelectrolytes polar group content. In addition, in order to further optimize the P-type material and to passivate its thickness sensitivity, we also designed a series of co-doped polyelectrolytes PFB, PFf _ 1B and PFf _ 4B instead of ZnO as the electron transport layer. Unlike the PFB electrolyte, a fluorine and four fluorine are introduced into the PFf1B and PFf4B polymer frames, respectively, and thus the interfacial dipole and charge transport are adjusted. In this study, we found that the double-dipole induced by ions and hydrofluorocarbons is useful for adjusting the work function of the tin oxide (ITO) electrode. In addition, self-assembled fluorinated copolyelectrolytes also induce an upper active layer to form an ideal nanowire profile. More interestingly, the n-type doping of the fluorine-induced electron transfer support is found in these copolyelectrolytes, thereby increasing the electron mobility. The results further show the applicability of these fluorinated copolyelectrolytes to polymer solar cells of different active layers. It is more worth mentioning that the PFf4B with the highest fluorine atom content can work effectively when the thickness reaches 31.8 nm, and breaks through the thickness limitation of the common polyelectrolyte interface layer recently reported. It is shown that the optimized P-type co-polymer electrolyte not only can control the interface dipole and improve the interface contact between the electrode and the active layer in the device, but also has good self-assembly performance, and since the self-doping effect can further improve the transmission capability of the electrons, Which is of great significance to the improvement of the device performance of the polymer solar cell and the subsequent large-area production.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM914.4
本文編號：2433161
[Abstract]:Compared with the inorganic silicon solar cell, the polymer solar cell (PSCs) has the advantages of light weight, low price, convenient carrying, good flexibility and the like, and is attracted by the researchers at home and abroad. Despite decades of development, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the polymer solar cell has made great progress (the highest efficiency has been more than 12%), but before the industrialization and commercialization, the device performance of the polymer solar cell is still to be improved. Therefore, it is particularly important to further optimize the performance of the solar cell device by designing a novel material and a more efficient device structure. In addition, the interface regulation in the device structure is also essential for improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and the stability of the device. the excellent interface material can form an advantageous dipole at the interface of the electrode/ active layer, is beneficial to the extraction and collection of electric charges, not only can reduce the energy level barrier in the polymer solar cell, but also can improve the interface contact between the active layer and the corresponding electrode, And finally the performance of the solar cell is optimized. In this paper, a series of new P-type organic electron transport layer materials were designed, and the work function of tin oxide (ITO) was reduced by controlling the interface dipole and energy level structure. In addition, the self-assembly of the polyelectrolytes on ITO and the induction of the upper active layer were studied. The charge transfer performance is improved, and the device performance of the whole solar cell is finally improved. It is well known that the polar group of the copolyelectrolytes can form an advantageous dipole at the electrode/ active layer interface, which plays a critical role in the reduction of the energy level barrier in the polymer solar cell. Thus, we have designed a copolyelectrolytes containing different percentages of polar amines in the side chain, based on the derivatives of poly[(9,9-bis (3 '-(N, N-dimethylamino) propyl) -2,2,7-1)-co-2,7-(9,9-dioctylphenyl)] (PFNs) (PFN30, PFN50, PFN70, PFN100), And the effect of the number of polar groups on the interface dipole is studied. By changing the number of polar amines of these electrolytes, the interfacial dipole can be well regulated. As the polar amine is increased, this is verified by the reduction in the function of the oxidation of the electrolyte modified by the electrolyte. In addition, increasing the number of polar amines also facilitates the formation of a smooth uniform topography of the active layer. The content of the polar amine of the PFNs derivative thus has a great effect on the performance of the polymer solar cell. Increasing the number of interfacial layer polar amines can effectively improve the efficiency of the device. In these four PFNs derivatives, the PFN 100 with the highest content of polar amine obtained 3.27% efficiency in the cell. This means that it is a simple and promising way to develop high-efficiency polymer solar cells in the aspect of interface engineering only by changing the interfacial layer copolyelectrolytes polar group content. In addition, in order to further optimize the P-type material and to passivate its thickness sensitivity, we also designed a series of co-doped polyelectrolytes PFB, PFf _ 1B and PFf _ 4B instead of ZnO as the electron transport layer. Unlike the PFB electrolyte, a fluorine and four fluorine are introduced into the PFf1B and PFf4B polymer frames, respectively, and thus the interfacial dipole and charge transport are adjusted. In this study, we found that the double-dipole induced by ions and hydrofluorocarbons is useful for adjusting the work function of the tin oxide (ITO) electrode. In addition, self-assembled fluorinated copolyelectrolytes also induce an upper active layer to form an ideal nanowire profile. More interestingly, the n-type doping of the fluorine-induced electron transfer support is found in these copolyelectrolytes, thereby increasing the electron mobility. The results further show the applicability of these fluorinated copolyelectrolytes to polymer solar cells of different active layers. It is more worth mentioning that the PFf4B with the highest fluorine atom content can work effectively when the thickness reaches 31.8 nm, and breaks through the thickness limitation of the common polyelectrolyte interface layer recently reported. It is shown that the optimized P-type co-polymer electrolyte not only can control the interface dipole and improve the interface contact between the electrode and the active layer in the device, but also has good self-assembly performance, and since the self-doping effect can further improve the transmission capability of the electrons, Which is of great significance to the improvement of the device performance of the polymer solar cell and the subsequent large-area production.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM914.4
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