【摘要】：變壓器是電力系統(tǒng)關(guān)鍵設(shè)備之一,其運(yùn)行狀況對電網(wǎng)的安全、穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行具有重要影響。變壓器表面振動(dòng)信號中包含著豐富的變壓器狀態(tài)信息,國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對基于振動(dòng)分析的變壓器在線監(jiān)測和故障診斷技術(shù)做了大量研究,并取得了許多研究成果。變壓器振動(dòng)基頻(100Hz)幅值大小是分析和評判變壓器運(yùn)行狀態(tài)和故障診斷的重要依據(jù),但由于多種因素的影響,理論分析正常運(yùn)行中變壓器表面振動(dòng)的基頻幅值困難諸多,尚沒有成熟的基于基頻幅值的變壓器狀態(tài)監(jiān)測方法。本文針對變壓器表面振動(dòng)信號采集和分析實(shí)際需求,結(jié)合已有研究結(jié)果,分析探討了傳感器的選型、振動(dòng)測點(diǎn)的選擇以及采集參數(shù)等問題,設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了一套便攜式振動(dòng)信號采集系統(tǒng),完成了多臺次運(yùn)行中變壓器表面振動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)的采集;對變壓器表面振動(dòng)實(shí)測數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了頻域分析和能量分析,并結(jié)合運(yùn)行電壓和負(fù)載電流數(shù)據(jù),分析了振動(dòng)信號基頻幅值與運(yùn)行工況的關(guān)系,結(jié)果表明基頻幅值大小受多重因素復(fù)雜影響,實(shí)測值與理論計(jì)算值差異顯著;本文給出一種基于廣義回歸神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)(GRNN)的基頻幅值預(yù)測方法,用于正常運(yùn)行狀態(tài)下的變壓器表面振動(dòng)基頻幅值預(yù)測。根據(jù)變壓器運(yùn)行電壓、負(fù)載電流、油溫等運(yùn)行工況數(shù)據(jù)以及表面振動(dòng)歷史數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行網(wǎng)絡(luò)訓(xùn)練,訓(xùn)練后的網(wǎng)絡(luò)可根據(jù)實(shí)時(shí)運(yùn)行數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)測變壓器表面振動(dòng)基頻幅值。運(yùn)行中變壓器表面振動(dòng)實(shí)測信號分析表明,本文方法比原有方法預(yù)測精度高,可為基于振動(dòng)的變壓器在線監(jiān)測提供參考。最后本文給出一種典型樣本篩選方法,首先基于模糊熵理論計(jì)算特征權(quán)重,然后根據(jù)運(yùn)行工況數(shù)據(jù)間的加權(quán)歐氏距離對訓(xùn)練樣本進(jìn)行篩選,實(shí)測數(shù)據(jù)分析表明該方法可以顯著壓縮訓(xùn)練數(shù)據(jù),降低數(shù)據(jù)冗余,提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)訓(xùn)練速度和計(jì)算速度。
[Abstract]:Transformer is one of the key equipments in power system. The vibration signal of transformer surface contains abundant transformer state information. Many researches have been done on on-line monitoring and fault diagnosis of transformer based on vibration analysis, and many research results have been achieved. The amplitude of transformer vibration base frequency (100Hz) is an important basis for analyzing and judging transformer operation state and fault diagnosis. However, due to the influence of many factors, it is difficult to analyze the fundamental frequency amplitude of transformer surface vibration in normal operation. There is no mature transformer condition monitoring method based on fundamental frequency amplitude. In this paper, according to the actual demand of vibration signal acquisition and analysis on transformer surface, combined with the existing research results, the selection of sensor, the selection of vibration measuring points and the acquisition parameters are analyzed and discussed. A portable vibration signal acquisition system is designed and implemented. The frequency domain analysis and energy analysis of the measured data of transformer surface vibration are carried out, and the relationship between the fundamental frequency amplitude of vibration signal and the operating condition is analyzed by combining the data of operating voltage and load current. The results show that the amplitude of the fundamental frequency is affected by many complex factors, and there is a significant difference between the measured value and the theoretical value. In this paper, a prediction method of fundamental frequency amplitude based on generalized regression neural network (GRNN) is presented, which can be used to predict the fundamental frequency amplitude of transformer surface vibration under normal operation. Network training is carried out according to the operating condition data of transformer operating voltage, load current, oil temperature and history data of surface vibration. The trained network can predict the fundamental frequency amplitude of transformer surface vibration based on real-time operation data. The analysis of the measured signals of transformer surface vibration in operation shows that the proposed method is more accurate than the original method and can be used as a reference for on-line monitoring of transformers based on vibration. Finally, a typical sample selection method is presented. Firstly, the feature weights are calculated based on the fuzzy entropy theory, and then the training samples are screened according to the weighted Euclidean distance between the operating condition data. The analysis of measured data shows that this method can significantly compress the training data, reduce the data redundancy, and improve the training speed and computing speed of the network.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM41

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