【摘要】：從近年來風(fēng)電產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì)來看,剩余可開發(fā)陸地風(fēng)電場(chǎng)日益減少,海上風(fēng)電場(chǎng)的開發(fā)是必然趨勢(shì);考慮近海漁業(yè)、軍事等實(shí)際條件限制,深海漂浮式風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的開發(fā)具有重要意義。早在1972年,Massachusetts大學(xué)的Heronemus教授就提出了深海漂浮式風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組設(shè)計(jì)理念。與陸地和近海風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組不同,海上漂浮式風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組無固定底座,采用的漂浮式平臺(tái)具有六自由度。然而,在復(fù)雜的服役環(huán)境下,海上漂浮式風(fēng)電機(jī)組的載荷和運(yùn)動(dòng)特性都更復(fù)雜,不僅需要承受風(fēng)載荷,還需要承受復(fù)雜的波浪載荷,這限制了海上漂浮式風(fēng)電機(jī)組目前的實(shí)際應(yīng)用。為此,本文以三浮桶支撐結(jié)構(gòu)的海上漂浮式風(fēng)電機(jī)為研究對(duì)象,從“葉片載荷與運(yùn)動(dòng)分析—漂浮平臺(tái)設(shè)計(jì)—漂浮式平臺(tái)載荷與運(yùn)動(dòng)分析”這一主線展開相關(guān)研究工作,旨在厘清海上漂浮式風(fēng)電機(jī)組結(jié)構(gòu)載荷建模與運(yùn)動(dòng)特性分析方法。本文的主要研究工作和創(chuàng)新如下:(1)構(gòu)建了計(jì)及葉片柔性的載荷與運(yùn)動(dòng)特性建模方法。該方法將整個(gè)葉片劃分為若干個(gè)單元,單元之間采用彈性鉸模型,模型的精確程度可以通過葉片單元數(shù)進(jìn)行控制。為便于分析,通過建立機(jī)艙坐標(biāo)系,葉片坐標(biāo)系,轉(zhuǎn)軸坐標(biāo)系等坐標(biāo)系對(duì)風(fēng)電機(jī)組葉片的載荷進(jìn)行分析。在Matlab/Simulink環(huán)境下,構(gòu)建了葉片慣性載荷計(jì)算仿真模型,離心力載荷仿真模型,重力載荷仿真模型和氣動(dòng)載荷仿真模型。通過對(duì)風(fēng)電機(jī)組葉片載荷及運(yùn)動(dòng)特性進(jìn)行數(shù)值仿真分析,基本掌握了其載荷與運(yùn)動(dòng)特性。(2)聯(lián)合考慮了風(fēng)波之間的關(guān)聯(lián)特性,借助風(fēng)電機(jī)組空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)理論和波浪力學(xué)理論構(gòu)建風(fēng)波載荷計(jì)算模型。討論了極限服役條件下風(fēng)電機(jī)組三種典型受力模型,并以此為依據(jù)作為參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)的基準(zhǔn)。分析時(shí)當(dāng)壓水艙的直徑與波長(zhǎng)的比值DT/L0小于0.2視為小尺度結(jié)構(gòu),引入Morison方程進(jìn)行載荷分析;當(dāng)壓水艙的直徑與波長(zhǎng)的比值DT/L0大于0.2視為大尺度結(jié)構(gòu),引入MacCamy-Fuchs公式進(jìn)行載荷分析。(3)分析并建立了海上漂浮式風(fēng)電機(jī)組在運(yùn)行過程中承受的風(fēng)載荷、波浪載荷、重力載荷等多重載荷模型,將運(yùn)動(dòng)過程劃分為平動(dòng)和轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的組合,并采用遞進(jìn)迭代求解的方式進(jìn)行綜合求解。最后在Simulink環(huán)境下將輸入風(fēng)模型、葉片(風(fēng)輪)模型、漂浮式平臺(tái)模型等多個(gè)子模型集成于風(fēng)電機(jī)組整機(jī)仿真平臺(tái)中,并進(jìn)行數(shù)值仿真分析。仿真結(jié)果能夠有效分析漂浮式風(fēng)電機(jī)組運(yùn)行載荷和運(yùn)動(dòng)特性,有助于理解其運(yùn)行機(jī)理,為設(shè)計(jì)和控制提供參考。
[Abstract]:According to the development situation of wind power industry in recent years, the remaining exploitable land wind farm is decreasing day by day, and the development of offshore wind farm is an inevitable trend. The development of deep sea floating wind turbine is of great significance considering the actual conditions of offshore fishing and military. As early as 1972, Professor Heronemus of Massachusetts University proposed the design concept of deep-sea floating wind turbines. Unlike land and offshore wind turbines, offshore floating wind turbines have no fixed base, and the floating platform has six degrees of freedom. However, in the complex service environment, the load and motion characteristics of the floating wind turbine are more complex, which requires not only the wind load, but also the complex wave load. This limits the practical application of floating wind turbine. Therefore, this paper takes the floating wind motor with three floating bucket support structure as the research object, from the main line of "blade load and motion analysis-floating platform design-floating platform load and motion analysis" the related research work is carried out. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the method of structural load modeling and motion characteristic analysis of floating wind turbine. The main work and innovations of this paper are as follows: (1) the modeling method of load and motion characteristics considering blade flexibility is constructed. In this method, the whole blade is divided into several elements, and the elastic hinge model is used among the elements. The accuracy of the model can be controlled by the number of blade units. In order to facilitate the analysis, the load of wind turbine blade is analyzed by establishing the coordinate system of engine room, blade coordinate system, rotating axis coordinate system and so on. In the environment of Matlab/Simulink, the simulation models of inertia load, centrifugal force load, gravity load and aerodynamic load are constructed. Through the numerical simulation and analysis of the load and motion characteristics of wind turbine blades, the load and motion characteristics of wind turbine blades are basically grasped. (2) the correlation characteristics of wind waves are considered jointly. The wind wave load calculation model is constructed with the help of wind turbine aerodynamics theory and wave mechanics theory. This paper discusses three typical force models of wind turbine under the condition of limited service and takes them as the basis of parameter design. When the ratio of diameter to wavelength of the pressurized tank (DT/L0) is less than 0. 2 as a small scale structure, the Morison equation is introduced to analyze the load. When the ratio of diameter to wavelength of pressurized water tank (DT/L0) is more than 0. 2 as a large scale structure, the MacCamy-Fuchs formula is introduced to analyze the load. (3) the wind load of floating wind turbine is analyzed and established. The motion process is divided into the combination of translation and rotation in the model of multiple loads such as wave load and gravity load. The method of progressive iterative solution is used to solve the motion process synthetically. Finally, several sub-models, such as input wind model, blade (wind turbine) model, floating platform model and so on, are integrated into the wind turbine simulation platform under Simulink environment, and the numerical simulation analysis is carried out. The simulation results can effectively analyze the operating load and motion characteristics of floating wind turbine, help to understand its operation mechanism, and provide reference for design and control.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM315

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本文編號(hào)：2402553