【摘要】：我國電網(wǎng)構架正向著大規(guī)模、遠距離、超高壓的形勢發(fā)展,電力系統(tǒng)的運行狀況越來越接近其極限狀態(tài),同時許多地區(qū)存在著高低壓電磁環(huán)網(wǎng)以及用電負荷猛增的情況,這些都對保證電力系統(tǒng)安全穩(wěn)定運行提出了更高的要求。上個世紀七十年代后陸續(xù)發(fā)生的電壓崩潰事故給國民經(jīng)濟造成巨大損失,學術界在電壓穩(wěn)定方面的研究逐漸增多,并且也取得了一些成果,但是和功角穩(wěn)定的研究程度相比還是缺乏對其本質理解的全面認識,在電壓失穩(wěn)的機理分析、研究模型及方法等方面仍需要進行不斷研究。由于電壓穩(wěn)定機理研究缺乏統(tǒng)一的數(shù)學模型和數(shù)學分析方法,因此電壓穩(wěn)定機理研究理論不夠成熟。本文在此基礎上提出并建立包括發(fā)、輸、用三個環(huán)節(jié),突出電磁能量變化的電樞反應,計及影響電壓穩(wěn)定的各個因素的綜合統(tǒng)一的動態(tài)、靜態(tài)綜合模型;并且借鑒成熟的功角穩(wěn)定分析方法同時類比于其他穩(wěn)定性分析數(shù)學方法而選擇的小干擾分析法來分析電壓穩(wěn)定。目前大多數(shù)學者研究電壓穩(wěn)定認為電力系統(tǒng)動態(tài)行為表示為,而本文研究中強調(diào)動態(tài)方程為,多加了一組輔助方程,正是由于這組輔助方程才能準確突顯電壓失穩(wěn)動態(tài)過程,完整描述電力系統(tǒng)動態(tài)行為中機械能與電磁能量的變化。前者的微分代數(shù)方程往往不能表現(xiàn)出電樞反應電磁能量變化時,同步機暫態(tài)電勢Eq'衰減振蕩是機端電壓持續(xù)下降的核心因素。在電壓失穩(wěn)機理研究中本文認可例如負荷特性、電氣距離、輸電網(wǎng)絡輸送功率限制,OLTC動態(tài)特性等因素會影響電壓穩(wěn)定,但是本文更側重于在系統(tǒng)受到小干擾時,同步機無功電流突然增大,由于同步機本身的固有特性,即使在不考慮勵磁調(diào)節(jié)的機端情況下,也會出現(xiàn)暫態(tài)電勢下降,從而加劇機端電壓(網(wǎng)絡節(jié)點電壓)持續(xù)下降嚴重時出現(xiàn)電壓崩潰。最終對電壓穩(wěn)定從物理角度及現(xiàn)象上做出定義,電力系統(tǒng)功角穩(wěn)定性是同步而言的機械能存儲于釋放的現(xiàn)象;而電力系統(tǒng)電壓穩(wěn)定性是同步機中相對同步而言的電磁能量不突變而引起的自由分量衰減對電勢的影響和去磁磁場的變化及輸電網(wǎng)絡的電壓降。同時也為提高電壓穩(wěn)定性措施提供理論指導。
[Abstract]:With the development of large scale, long distance and high voltage power system in our country, the operation condition of power system is more and more close to its limit state. At the same time, there exists the situation of high and low voltage electromagnetic loop network and the surge of power load in many areas. All these put forward higher requirements to ensure the safe and stable operation of power system. Since the 1970s, the voltage collapse accidents have caused huge losses to the national economy. The research on voltage stability in academic circles has gradually increased, and some achievements have also been made. However, compared with the research degree of power angle stability, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding of its essence, and the mechanism analysis, research model and method of voltage instability still need to be studied continuously. Due to the lack of unified mathematical model and mathematical analysis method in the study of voltage stability mechanism, the theory of voltage stability mechanism research is not mature enough. In this paper, a dynamic and static comprehensive model of armature reaction, which includes three links, namely, generation, transmission and use, is proposed and established, which highlights the variation of electromagnetic energy, and takes into account the various factors affecting voltage stability. The voltage stability is analyzed by using the mature power angle stability analysis method and comparing with other mathematical methods of stability analysis. At present, most scholars think that the dynamic behavior of power system is expressed as voltage stability, but the dynamic equation is emphasized in this paper, which adds a set of auxiliary equations. It is precisely because of this set of auxiliary equations that the dynamic process of voltage instability can be accurately highlighted. The variation of mechanical energy and electromagnetic energy in the dynamic behavior of power system is described. When the differential algebraic equation of the former can not show the variation of the electromagnetic energy of armature reaction, the Eq' attenuation and oscillation of the transient potential of the synchronous machine is the core factor for the continuous decrease of the terminal voltage. In the study of voltage instability mechanism, it is recognized that factors such as load characteristics, electrical distance, transmission power limitation of transmission network and OLTC dynamic characteristics will affect voltage stability, but this paper focuses on the small disturbance of the system. The reactive current of the synchronous machine increases suddenly, because of the inherent characteristics of the synchronous machine itself, even if the excitation regulation is not considered, the transient electromotive force will decrease. This results in a voltage collapse when the terminal voltage (network node voltage) continues to decline severely. Finally, the voltage stability is defined from the physical point of view and the phenomenon. The power angle stability of power system is the phenomenon that the mechanical energy is stored in the release in synchronization. The voltage stability of power system is the effect of the attenuation of free component on the potential, the change of demagnetizing magnetic field and the voltage drop of transmission network caused by the non-abrupt change of electromagnetic energy in synchronous machine. At the same time, it also provides theoretical guidance for improving voltage stability measures.
【學位授予單位】：廣西大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM712

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