【摘要】：有機(jī)-無機(jī)雜化鈣鈦礦太陽能電池,簡(jiǎn)稱PSCs,是太陽能電池領(lǐng)域的新星,與其他技術(shù)相比,PSCs具有很多其他技術(shù)無法比擬的優(yōu)勢(shì):其載流子遷移率高、能帶寬度契合,對(duì)光的吸收能力較強(qiáng),并且制備工藝簡(jiǎn)便,制作成本低廉,原材料來源廣泛�；谏鲜鰞�(yōu)勢(shì),其具有非常高的研究?jī)r(jià)值。本論文以提升電池性能和降低應(yīng)用成本為目標(biāo),從使用廉價(jià)碳材料(CNTs、Cc、Cb)作為背電極材料取代空穴傳輸層和貴金屬對(duì)電極入手,并對(duì)致密層進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,降低制備過程中的能耗,并引入溶劑工程來提高器件光電性能。首先,使用低溫水浴沉積法制備致密層,探究了反應(yīng)時(shí)間和TiCl4前驅(qū)體的濃度對(duì)致密層形貌及電池效率的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)在TiCl4濃度為200mM,水熱1h的條件下,所生成致密層覆蓋最全面,電池達(dá)到了最高的轉(zhuǎn)換效率。組裝完成基于CNTs背電極的PSCs,并分別對(duì)不同構(gòu)型的電池器件性能進(jìn)行考察。發(fā)現(xiàn)在多孔結(jié)構(gòu)和平面異質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)的太陽能電池中,光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率(PCE)分別達(dá)到了 7.03%和6.94%。使用DMF熏蒸的方式修飾鈣鈦礦表面,發(fā)現(xiàn)PSCs的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率得到了較大幅度的提升,PCE達(dá)到了 9.41%。接下來又考察了器件另外兩個(gè)重要參數(shù),結(jié)果表明:DMF的熏蒸在一定程度上增加了器件的重現(xiàn)性,也削弱了遲滯效應(yīng)。其次,引入Cc和導(dǎo)電炭黑作為背電極材料進(jìn)一步研究電池的性能并與CNTs材料進(jìn)行對(duì)比。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:CNTs、Cc以及導(dǎo)電炭黑作為背電極材料時(shí),均能取得不錯(cuò)的PCE,分別取得7.06%,7.13%和7.35%的效率。接下來,又考察基于這三種碳材料背電極的器件在空氣中的穩(wěn)定性。發(fā)現(xiàn)CNTs能夠有效的隔絕空氣中的水汽,電池的有效壽命達(dá)到240小時(shí)以上;而另外兩種在空氣中放置超過10天就幾乎失效。由于CNTs的附著性并不是太好,而Cc的附著性比較優(yōu)異,于是我們將Cc與CNTs以不同比例混合,制成復(fù)合碳材料,最后發(fā)現(xiàn)CNTs所占比例大時(shí),效率更高并且將CNTs與Cc分別先后噴涂在電池上的效率要大于將兩種材料混合后噴涂。
[Abstract]:The organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cell (PSCs,) is a new star in the solar cell field. Compared with other technologies, PSCs has many advantages that cannot be compared with other technologies: its carrier mobility is high, and its band width fits. The light absorption ability is strong, the preparation process is simple, the production cost is low, and the raw material source is wide. Based on the above advantages, it has very high research value. In order to improve the battery performance and reduce the application cost, this paper starts with the use of cheap carbon material (CNTs,Cc,Cb) to replace the hole transport layer and the noble metal opposite electrode, and optimizes the dense layer. Reduce the energy consumption in the preparation process and introduce solvent engineering to improve the photoelectric performance of the device. Firstly, the dense layer was prepared by low temperature water bath deposition. The effects of reaction time and concentration of TiCl4 precursor on the morphology of the dense layer and the cell efficiency were investigated. It was found that under the condition of 200 mm TiCl4 concentration and 1 h hydrothermal treatment, the dense layer was covered most completely. The battery achieves maximum conversion efficiency. The PSCs, based on CNTs backelectrode was assembled and the performance of different configuration battery devices was investigated. It is found that in the porous and planar heterostructure solar cells, the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) reaches 7.03% and 6.94, respectively. Using DMF fumigation to modify the perovskite surface, it was found that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of PSCs was greatly improved, and the PCE reached 9.41%. Then two other important parameters are investigated. The results show that fumigation of DMF increases the reproducibility of the device to some extent and weakens the hysteresis effect. Secondly, Cc and conductive carbon black were introduced as back electrode materials to further study the performance of the battery and compared with CNTs materials. The experimental results show that when CNTs,Cc and conductive carbon black are used as back electrode materials, the efficiency of PCE, is 7.067.13% and 7.35% respectively. Then, the stability of the devices based on the three carbon material backelectrodes in the air was investigated. It is found that CNTs can effectively insulate water vapor in the air, and the effective life of the battery is over 240 hours, while the other two are almost ineffective after being placed in the air for more than 10 days. Because the adhesion of CNTs is not very good, but the adhesion of Cc is better, so we mix Cc and CNTs in different proportions to make composite carbon materials, and finally find that when the proportion of CNTs is large, The efficiency of spraying CNTs and Cc on the battery is higher than that after mixing the two materials.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM914.4

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本文編號(hào)：2401270