【摘要】：作為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會(huì)進(jìn)步的重要保障,電力行業(yè)的節(jié)能減排已成為世界各個(gè)國家備受關(guān)注的問題。電能生產(chǎn)的主要設(shè)備是汽輪發(fā)電機(jī),其單機(jī)容量呈現(xiàn)不斷增長的趨勢,內(nèi)部電磁現(xiàn)象更加復(fù)雜,定子電磁損耗(包括定子鐵耗和定子繞組銅耗)增加,對大型汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)提出了新的挑戰(zhàn)。因此,準(zhǔn)確分析和計(jì)算定子電磁損耗,是大型汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)電磁設(shè)計(jì)的關(guān)鍵,具有重要的工程實(shí)際意義。本文針對大型汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)定子電磁損耗及其降耗方法,主要完成了以下幾方面的研究工作:首先,對工程電磁場有限元分析方法進(jìn)行了介紹,基于電磁場基本理論建立大型汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)二維瞬態(tài)場數(shù)學(xué)模型,采用場-路耦合有限元分析方法確定額定工況下勵(lì)磁電流,分別對磁密和磁力線分布特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行研究。在此基礎(chǔ)上,對氣隙磁密作傅里葉分解得到其基波和諧波含量,對定子齒部和軛部磁密進(jìn)行矢量分析,為之后汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)定子電磁損耗的計(jì)算與分析奠定了基礎(chǔ)。其次,介紹了定子鐵耗解析計(jì)算方法和基于有限元分析的3種鐵耗計(jì)算模型,對定子鐵心不同位置磁密的徑向和切向波形、磁密軌跡進(jìn)行分析,得到旋轉(zhuǎn)和交變兩種磁化方式對定子鐵心不同位置的影響,以及其諧波含量。在此基礎(chǔ)上,采用3種不同鐵耗計(jì)算模型完成鐵耗計(jì)算,與解析法和測試值對比,分析鐵耗模型計(jì)算精度,揭示定子齒軛部鐵耗分布特點(diǎn)。再次,針對大型汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)定子繞組采用的空實(shí)心混合排列且上下層不等截面結(jié)構(gòu),建立其二維渦流場數(shù)學(xué)模型,分別對同相槽和異相槽內(nèi)電流密度分布進(jìn)行分析,完成電阻增大系數(shù)的數(shù)值計(jì)算。在此基礎(chǔ)上,對繞組銅耗進(jìn)行數(shù)值計(jì)算,揭示了定子繞組空實(shí)心股線混合排列且上下層不等截面結(jié)構(gòu)下銅耗的分布特點(diǎn)。最后,采用以上基于有限元分析的定子電磁損耗計(jì)算方法,分析定子結(jié)構(gòu)和材料兩方面因素對定子電磁損耗的影響,包括定子槽型尺寸、定子槽楔尺寸、定子鐵心材料和定子繞組空心股線材料,并在此基礎(chǔ)上研究了降低定子電磁損耗的方法,為大型汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)效率的提高提供重要參考。
[Abstract]:As an important guarantee of economic development and social progress, energy saving and emission reduction in power industry has become a major concern in every country in the world. The main equipment of electric energy production is turbogenerator, its single capacity is increasing, the electromagnetic phenomenon inside is more complex, and the electromagnetic loss of stator (including stator iron loss and stator winding copper consumption) increases. A new challenge to the design of large turbogenerator is presented. Therefore, accurate analysis and calculation of stator electromagnetic loss is the key of electromagnetic design of large turbogenerator, and has important practical significance. In this paper, the electromagnetic loss of large turbogenerator stator and its reducing method are studied in the following aspects: firstly, the finite element analysis method of engineering electromagnetic field is introduced. Based on the basic theory of electromagnetic field, the two-dimensional transient field mathematical model of large turbogenerator is established. The excitation current under rated working condition is determined by field-circuit coupling finite element method, and the distribution characteristics of magnetic density and magnetic force line are studied respectively. On this basis, the fundamental wave and harmonic content are obtained by Fourier decomposition of air gap magnetic density, and vector analysis of stator tooth and yoke magnetic density is carried out, which lays a foundation for the calculation and analysis of stator electromagnetic loss of turbogenerator. Secondly, the analytical calculation method of stator iron loss and three kinds of iron loss calculation models based on finite element analysis are introduced. The radial and tangential waveforms of magnetic density at different positions of stator core and the magnetic density trajectory are analyzed. The effect of rotation and alternating magnetization on different positions of stator core and its harmonic content are obtained. On this basis, three different iron consumption calculation models are used to complete the iron consumption calculation. Compared with the analytical method and the test values, the calculation accuracy of the iron consumption model is analyzed, and the distribution characteristics of the iron consumption in the stator tooth yoke are revealed. Thirdly, a two-dimensional eddy current field mathematical model is established to analyze the distribution of current density in the same phase slot and the heterogeneous phase slot, aiming at the structure of the stator windings of large turbogenerator with the mixed arrangement of empty solid and unequal cross-section of the upper and lower layers of stator windings, and the mathematical model of the two-dimensional eddy current field is established. Complete the numerical calculation of resistance increase coefficient. On this basis, the copper consumption of the stator windings is numerically calculated, and the distribution characteristics of copper losses are revealed under the mixed arrangement of the hollow solid strands of the stator windings and the unequal cross-section structure of the upper and lower layers. Finally, the influence of the stator structure and material on the stator electromagnetic loss is analyzed, which includes the stator slot size, the stator slot wedge size, the stator electromagnetic loss calculation method based on the finite element analysis. On the basis of stator core material and stator winding hollow wire material, the method of reducing stator electromagnetic loss is studied, which provides an important reference for improving efficiency of large turbogenerator.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海電機(jī)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM311

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