【摘要】：面對能源和環(huán)境的雙重危機(jī),研發(fā)高性能電動汽車成為汽車制造業(yè)的發(fā)展目標(biāo)。電動汽車的核心部分是電力驅(qū)動系統(tǒng),永磁同步電機(jī)以其優(yōu)良的控制特性成為驅(qū)動電機(jī)的首選。在高性能調(diào)速系統(tǒng)中,大都選用傳感器檢測轉(zhuǎn)速和轉(zhuǎn)子位置信息。為了增強(qiáng)電動汽車驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)的適應(yīng)性以及降低驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)的成本,利用定子電壓和電流辨識永磁電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速信息。采用基于模型參考自適應(yīng)(MRAS)的轉(zhuǎn)速辨識系統(tǒng)來檢測永磁電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速信息,從而設(shè)計電動汽車無傳感器的驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)。首先,分析了永磁電機(jī)的數(shù)學(xué)模型,并采用矢量控制作為驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)的控制策略。為了加快驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)的響應(yīng)速度,提出利用電壓前饋型電流控制器對交直軸電流進(jìn)行解耦控制,并對驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行仿真分析。其次,闡述基于MRAS的轉(zhuǎn)速辨識的原理,根據(jù)MRAS的原理和自適應(yīng)律的設(shè)計要求,利用波波夫(Popov)超穩(wěn)定理論設(shè)計出理想的自適應(yīng)律,并在多種工況下對該仿真模型進(jìn)行分析。然后針對該辨識算法在檢測轉(zhuǎn)速和轉(zhuǎn)子位置過程中遇到的問題,如溫升會引起電機(jī)參數(shù)變化,設(shè)計了改進(jìn)的MRAS算法,增加了定子電阻的辨識過程,以此來提高轉(zhuǎn)速辨識的準(zhǔn)確度。最后,建立基于MRAS的無傳感器控制系統(tǒng)仿真模型,針對電動汽車驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)的特點對其在空載、負(fù)載突變以及轉(zhuǎn)速突變等工況下進(jìn)行仿真分析。根據(jù)仿真實驗得出的轉(zhuǎn)速和轉(zhuǎn)子位置對比波形,表明基于MRAS轉(zhuǎn)速辨識系統(tǒng)的控制特性比較理想,說明了該辨識算法的有效性,能夠滿足電動汽車的實際要求。
[Abstract]:Facing the dual crisis of energy and environment, the research and development of high performance electric vehicle has become the development goal of automobile manufacturing industry. The core part of electric vehicle is electric drive system. Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is the first choice for driving motor because of its excellent control characteristics. In high-performance speed regulation system, sensors are used to detect speed and rotor position information. In order to enhance the adaptability of electric vehicle drive system and reduce the cost of drive system, stator voltage and current are used to identify the speed information of permanent magnet motor. The speed identification system based on model reference adaptive (MRAS) is used to detect the speed information of permanent magnet motor and the sensorless drive system of electric vehicle is designed. Firstly, the mathematical model of permanent magnet motor is analyzed, and vector control is used as the control strategy of drive system. In order to speed up the response speed of the drive system, a voltage feedforward current controller is proposed to decouple the AC axis current, and the driving system is simulated and analyzed. Secondly, the principle of speed identification based on MRAS is expounded. According to the principle of MRAS and the design requirements of adaptive law, the ideal adaptive law is designed by using Popov's (Popov) hyperstability theory, and the simulation model is analyzed under various operating conditions. Then, aiming at the problems encountered in the detection of rotor speed and rotor position, such as the change of motor parameters caused by temperature rise, an improved MRAS algorithm is designed to increase the identification process of stator resistance. In order to improve the accuracy of speed identification. Finally, the simulation model of sensorless control system based on MRAS is established. According to the characteristics of the driving system of electric vehicle, the simulation analysis is carried out under the condition of no-load, sudden change of load and sudden change of rotational speed. According to the contrasting waveform of speed and rotor position obtained from simulation experiment, the control characteristic of the speed identification system based on MRAS is satisfactory, which shows that the identification algorithm is effective and can meet the practical requirements of electric vehicle.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM341;U469.72

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