【摘要】：隨著傳統(tǒng)能源的枯竭,以微網(wǎng)為載體的可再生能源發(fā)電系統(tǒng)由于其靈活、分散、小型、靠近用戶和使用清潔能源等特點得到了快速發(fā)展。儲能系統(tǒng)接入微網(wǎng),不僅可以平抑可再生能源出力的波動,提高電能質(zhì)量,還能通過適時吸收和釋放功率,移峰填谷,改善電網(wǎng)性能,降低用戶的購電成本。合理地進(jìn)行儲能電池的選型與充放電控制,對提升微網(wǎng)運行效率,降低微網(wǎng)運行成本,起著關(guān)鍵作用。本文研究了一種基于模型預(yù)測控制的微網(wǎng)能量管理優(yōu)化策略,以北京交通大學(xué)電氣樓配網(wǎng)為研究對象,搭建了主動配電網(wǎng)半實物半數(shù)字仿真平臺,使用電池模型搭建虛擬的儲能系統(tǒng),以微網(wǎng)的月運行成本最小為目標(biāo),進(jìn)行能量管理運行模式和儲能配置方式的選擇。主要研究內(nèi)容如下:(1)研究并建立了鋰離子電池和鉛酸電池的等效電路模型。使用循環(huán)次數(shù)等效方法評估電池的性能衰減,并對模型的動態(tài)特性和循環(huán)性能衰減進(jìn)行了仿真驗證,仿真結(jié)果驗證了模型的精確度及性能衰減指標(biāo)的正確性。然后,考慮電池運行過程中的實際衰減,建立了儲能系統(tǒng)的成本函數(shù),用于儲能系統(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟性評估。(2)研究了一種基于模型預(yù)測控制,按最大需量計費的微網(wǎng)能量管理優(yōu)化策略,考慮微網(wǎng)中的負(fù)荷需求、各分布式電源的運行成本和約束、儲能系統(tǒng)的功率和電量約束等條件,以運行成本最小為優(yōu)化目標(biāo),使用混合整數(shù)線性規(guī)劃模型滾動求最優(yōu)解。根據(jù)得到的最優(yōu)解對微網(wǎng)中的負(fù)荷、儲能、分布式發(fā)電單元進(jìn)行優(yōu)化控制,從而有效提高配網(wǎng)的運行效率,降低運行成本。(3)使用Matlab/Simulink和Labview軟件搭建主動配電網(wǎng)半實物半數(shù)字仿真平臺,該平臺融合虛擬的儲能系統(tǒng)、能量管理算法計算模塊、氣象數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊、配網(wǎng)功率數(shù)據(jù)采集與監(jiān)控等模塊,用于能量管理策略的驗證和儲能系統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟性評估。(4)基于搭建的半實物半數(shù)字平臺,使用前文研究的儲能電池模型及成本函數(shù)、能量管理優(yōu)化策略,基于北京交通大學(xué)電氣樓主動配電網(wǎng)的真實環(huán)境和實測數(shù)據(jù),進(jìn)行算例驗證。計算結(jié)果表明,本文研究的能量管理優(yōu)化算法能夠根據(jù)負(fù)荷需求、可再生能源出力、實時電價以及儲能系統(tǒng)的剩余容量實時求解得到儲能系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化的充放電控制策略,有效的降低了微網(wǎng)運行成本。(5)通過對微網(wǎng)運行成本和儲能系統(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟性分析,得到了最佳的“電池類型—能量管理運行模式”組合方式。計算結(jié)果表明,在微網(wǎng)儲能領(lǐng)域,鉛酸電池比鋰離子電池具有更好的經(jīng)濟性。本文的主要創(chuàng)新點是搭建了半實物半數(shù)字的主動配電網(wǎng)實時仿真平臺,能夠模擬不同主動配電網(wǎng)的“能量管理策略—儲能電池”組合方式,通過比較不同組合下的微網(wǎng)總運行成本,得出最優(yōu)方案,指導(dǎo)微網(wǎng)的實際控制模式與儲能配置方式,從而大幅降低實物測試的成本。
[Abstract]:With the depletion of traditional energy, the renewable energy generation system based on microgrid has been developed rapidly because of its flexibility, dispersion, small size, proximity to users and the use of clean energy. The energy storage system can not only reduce the fluctuation of renewable energy output and improve the power quality, but also can absorb and release power timely, shift peak and fill valley, improve the performance of power grid and reduce the cost of electricity purchase. Reasonable selection and charge / discharge control of energy storage battery plays a key role in improving the efficiency of microgrid operation and reducing the operating cost of microgrid. In this paper, an optimization strategy of microgrid energy management based on model predictive control is studied, and the hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform of active distribution network is built with Beijing Jiaotong University electrical building as the research object. The virtual energy storage system is built with the battery model. The energy management operation mode and the energy storage configuration mode are selected in order to minimize the monthly operation cost of the microgrid. The main contents are as follows: (1) the equivalent circuit models of lithium ion battery and lead acid battery are studied and established. The cycle number equivalent method is used to evaluate the performance attenuation of the battery. The dynamic characteristics and cycle performance attenuation of the model are verified by simulation. The accuracy of the model and the correctness of the performance attenuation index are verified by the simulation results. Then, considering the actual attenuation of the battery, the cost function of the energy storage system is established, which is used to evaluate the economy of the energy storage system. (2) A predictive control based on the model is studied. The optimization strategy of microgrid energy management based on maximum demand, considering the load requirement in microgrid, the operating cost and constraint of each distributed power supply, the power and power constraint of energy storage system, etc. The mixed integer linear programming model is used to find the optimal solution by rolling. According to the obtained optimal solution, the load, energy storage and distributed generation unit in the microgrid are optimized and controlled, which can effectively improve the efficiency of the distribution network. (3) using Matlab/Simulink and Labview software to build the hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform of active distribution network. The platform integrates virtual energy storage system, calculation module of energy management algorithm, meteorological data acquisition module. The power data acquisition and monitoring module of distribution network is used to verify the energy management strategy and evaluate the economy of energy storage system. (4) based on the hardware-in-the-loop digital platform, the energy storage cell model and cost function are used. Based on the real environment and measured data of the active distribution network of Beijing Jiaotong University, the optimization strategy of energy management is verified by an example. The calculation results show that the energy management optimization algorithm studied in this paper can solve the optimal charge and discharge control strategy based on load demand, renewable energy output, real time electricity price and residual capacity of energy storage system in real time. (5) by analyzing the operation cost of microgrid and the economy of energy storage system, the best combination of "battery type-energy management operation mode" is obtained. The results show that lead acid battery is more economical than lithium ion battery in the field of microgrid energy storage. The main innovation of this paper is to build a hardware-in-the-loop real-time simulation platform for active distribution network, which can simulate the combination of "energy management strategy-energy storage battery" in different active distribution networks. By comparing the total operating cost of microgrid with different combinations, the optimal scheme is obtained to guide the actual control mode and energy storage configuration of the microgrid, thus greatly reducing the cost of physical testing.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM73

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