【摘要】：微電網(wǎng)是集分布式電源、儲能裝置、能量轉(zhuǎn)換裝置、控制裝置、監(jiān)控保護裝置、能量傳輸線路及負荷于一體的小型發(fā)電、配電及供電系統(tǒng)。而分布式電源通過逆變裝置接入電網(wǎng),充分利用分布式電源的優(yōu)勢和逆變裝置的靈活可控為改善微電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的電能質(zhì)量提供了條件。在低壓微電網(wǎng)中采用下垂控制實現(xiàn)微源逆變器功率分配時造成電壓跌落,如何實現(xiàn)逆變器功率的精確分配和電壓穩(wěn)定的均衡控制成為低壓微電網(wǎng)穩(wěn)定運行的關(guān)鍵問題。因此,本文研究了基于虛擬阻抗的下垂控制,在此基礎(chǔ)上,利用基于分層控制的協(xié)調(diào)控制策略提高逆變器功率分配精度與電壓穩(wěn)定的均衡控制。首先,研究了微電網(wǎng)常用控制策略以及微電網(wǎng)接口逆變器中常用的控制方法。建立風(fēng)力發(fā)電、光伏電池、儲能蓄電池和燃料電池的數(shù)學(xué)模型,并利用MATLAB/Simulink仿真軟件對其出力特性進行仿真分析。其次,分析逆變器功率傳輸特性,設(shè)計功率控制器和電壓電流環(huán)控制器。針對低壓微電網(wǎng)中逆變器輸出功率的精確分配與電壓穩(wěn)定的均衡控制問題,提出基于虛擬阻抗的改進下垂控制策略,通過引入虛擬阻抗控制環(huán)可實現(xiàn)功率解耦,提高逆變器功率輸出精度和電壓穩(wěn)定性。再次,針對孤島過渡期間及孤島模式下因微源逆變器測量環(huán)節(jié)的延時和微源響應(yīng)速度慢而造成微電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)電壓跌落,改進燃料電池和儲能電池的功率控制環(huán),提出基于分層控制的聯(lián)網(wǎng)和孤島模式下微電網(wǎng)運行控制策略,保證系統(tǒng)暫態(tài)穩(wěn)定性。最后,在MATLAB/Simulink仿真環(huán)境下對基于分層控制的聯(lián)網(wǎng)和孤島模式下的微電網(wǎng)運行控制策略進行仿真分析。仿真結(jié)果表明本文所提出的基于虛擬阻抗的改進下垂控制策略在功率精確分配與電壓穩(wěn)定的均衡控制中具有良好的控制效果,對低壓微電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的暫態(tài)穩(wěn)定性和電能質(zhì)量的提高具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:Microgrid is a small power generation, distribution and power supply system that integrates distributed power generation, energy storage, energy conversion, control, monitoring and protection, energy transmission lines and loads. The power quality of microgrid system can be improved by fully utilizing the advantages of distributed power generation and the flexibility and controllability of inverter devices. Voltage drop is caused by droop control in low-voltage microgrid. How to realize accurate distribution of inverter power and balanced control of voltage stability has become a key problem in the stable operation of low-voltage microgrid. Therefore, the droop control based on virtual impedance is studied in this paper. On the basis of this, the coordinated control strategy based on hierarchical control is used to improve the power distribution accuracy and voltage stability equalization control of the inverter. Firstly, the common control strategies of microgrid and the common control methods of microgrid interface inverter are studied. The mathematical models of wind power generation, photovoltaic cell, energy storage battery and fuel cell are established, and their output characteristics are simulated and analyzed by MATLAB/Simulink simulation software. Secondly, the power transmission characteristics of the inverter are analyzed, and the power controller and the voltage current loop controller are designed. Aiming at the problem of accurate distribution of inverter output power and balanced control of voltage stability in low-voltage microgrid, an improved droop control strategy based on virtual impedance is proposed. Power decoupling can be realized by introducing virtual impedance control loop. Improve the power output accuracy and voltage stability of the inverter. Thirdly, in view of the delay of microsource inverter and the slow response speed of microsource inverter during the island transition period and in isolated island mode, the voltage drop of microgrid system is caused, so the power control loop of fuel cell and energy storage cell is improved. In order to ensure the transient stability of the system, a strategy of microgrid operation control based on hierarchical control is proposed in this paper, which is based on interconnection and islanding mode. Finally, the operation control strategy of microgrid based on hierarchical control and islanding mode is simulated and analyzed in MATLAB/Simulink simulation environment. The simulation results show that the proposed improved droop control strategy based on virtual impedance has a good control effect in the equalization control of accurate power distribution and voltage stability. It is of great significance to improve the transient stability and power quality of low voltage microgrid system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM464;TM727

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