【摘要】：電感作為電路中最基本的元器件之一,不僅可以和電容構(gòu)成選頻網(wǎng)絡(luò),也應(yīng)用在無線電收發(fā)機(jī)的各個射頻模塊(濾波器,低噪聲放大器,功率放大器,混頻器,壓控振蕩器等)中,具有實現(xiàn)阻抗變換,反饋,調(diào)諧,濾波等功能。正是因為電感的作用非常大,應(yīng)用十分廣泛,所以對電感的研究必不可少。而隨著集成電路越來越趨于微型化,電感的參數(shù)特征使其在集成時的尺寸與品質(zhì)因數(shù)無法滿足使用要求,因而人們研究有源電感來解決無源電感尺寸與品質(zhì)因素方面的矛盾。所謂有源電感,就是利用有源器件,電阻和電容組成的有源網(wǎng)絡(luò)來模擬電感。有源網(wǎng)絡(luò)按工作原理的不同可以分為兩大類,反饋放大器類型和阻抗變換器類型。而對于有源電感的研究大部分都是基于阻抗變換器類型。設(shè)計有源電感電路的關(guān)鍵是回轉(zhuǎn)器。理想回轉(zhuǎn)器是一個二端口網(wǎng)絡(luò),具有倒逆特性。倒逆特性是可以把一個電容回轉(zhuǎn)成一個電感或者把一個電感回轉(zhuǎn)成電容的特性。當(dāng)輸入為一正弦電壓,負(fù)載阻抗是一個電容元件時,回轉(zhuǎn)器將電容回轉(zhuǎn)成電感,稱為等效電感。本文研究的有源電感是利用回轉(zhuǎn)器的倒逆特性,設(shè)計基于運(yùn)算放大器的有源電感電路和基于晶體管的有源電感電路�；谶\(yùn)算放大器的有源電感電路得出的電感值從毫亨到亨利級,其電阻達(dá)到幾十歐到幾千歐;在電感的質(zhì)量方面,有源電感比一般電感更接近理想元件,應(yīng)用于低頻電路。如果當(dāng)有源電感構(gòu)成的電路需要運(yùn)用到更高的工作頻率時,運(yùn)算放大器的增益帶寬已經(jīng)很難滿足電路設(shè)計的要求。隨著頻率的進(jìn)一步增加,增益急劇下降,電路的噪聲逐漸惡化。因而采用傳統(tǒng)的運(yùn)放設(shè)計的有源電感,很難應(yīng)用于高頻。眾所周知晶體管不僅可以作為放大器使用,并且其工作頻率很高。因此,本文也研究了基于晶體管構(gòu)成的有源電感電路。設(shè)計電路的基本原理是利用回轉(zhuǎn)器的倒逆特性,將晶體管的本征電容回轉(zhuǎn)為電感。用晶體管替代傳統(tǒng)運(yùn)放,設(shè)計的電路可以實現(xiàn)在兆赫茲甚至吉赫茲頻率上工作的等效電感。采用晶體管設(shè)計的電路具有兩個優(yōu)點:晶體管的增益帶寬很大,其特征頻率可達(dá)到很高,能夠滿足高頻工作的需求;晶體管與傳統(tǒng)放大器相比,其噪聲和功耗都比放大器低很多。設(shè)計出有源電感后,將設(shè)計出來的有源電感與電容進(jìn)行串聯(lián)和并聯(lián),構(gòu)成諧振電路,測量其增益,相位,仿真其S參數(shù),不僅驗證了設(shè)計的電路可以等效為電感,還將其應(yīng)用在諧振網(wǎng)絡(luò)中。
[Abstract]:As one of the most basic components in the circuit, inductance can not only form a frequency-selective network with capacitors, but also be used in various RF modules (filters, low-noise amplifiers, power amplifiers, mixers) of transceivers. Voltage-controlled oscillator, etc., with impedance conversion, feedback, tuning, filtering and other functions. It is because the inductance is very big, the application is very widespread, so the research of inductance is indispensable. As the integrated circuit becomes more and more miniaturized, the parameter characteristics of inductor make the dimension and quality factor of inductor can not meet the requirement of application. Therefore, active inductor is studied to solve the contradiction between dimension and quality of passive inductor. Active inductance is an active network composed of active devices, resistors and capacitors to simulate inductance. Active networks can be divided into two categories according to their working principles: feedback amplifier type and impedance converter type. The study of active inductors is mostly based on impedance converter type. The key to design the active inductance circuit is the gyroscope. The ideal gyroscope is a two-port network with inverse characteristics. Inversion is the ability to turn a capacitor into an inductor or an inductor into a capacitor. When the input is a sinusoidal voltage and the load impedance is a capacitive element, the rotator rotates the capacitance into an inductance, which is called equivalent inductance. The active inductance studied in this paper is to design the active inductance circuit based on operational amplifier and the active inductance circuit based on transistor by using the reverse characteristic of gyroscope. The inductance obtained from the active inductance circuit based on operational amplifier ranges from milliheng to Henry grade, and its resistance reaches tens to thousands of ohms. In the quality of inductance, the active inductance is closer to the ideal element than the ordinary inductor, so it is used in low frequency circuits. If the circuit composed of active inductors needs to be applied to a higher operating frequency, the gain bandwidth of the operational amplifier is difficult to meet the requirements of the circuit design. With the further increase of frequency, the gain decreases sharply and the noise of the circuit deteriorates gradually. Therefore, the active inductors designed by traditional operational amplifier are difficult to be used in high frequency. It is well known that transistors can not only be used as amplifiers, but also work at high frequencies. Therefore, the active inductance circuit based on transistor is also studied in this paper. The basic principle of the circuit design is to turn the intrinsic capacitance of the transistor into inductance by using the reverse characteristic of the gyroscope. Using transistors instead of conventional operational amplifiers, the designed circuit can realize equivalent inductance working at MHz and even GHz frequencies. The circuit designed with transistor has two advantages: the gain bandwidth of transistor is very large, and its characteristic frequency can reach very high, which can meet the demand of high frequency operation; The noise and power consumption of transistors are much lower than those of conventional amplifiers. After the active inductance is designed, the designed active inductor and capacitor are connected in series and in parallel to form a resonant circuit. The gain, phase and S parameters of the circuit are measured and simulated. It is not only verified that the designed circuit can be equivalent to the inductance, It is also applied to the resonant network.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM55

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