【摘要】：無線輸電是一種新型的電能傳輸方式,該方式打破了電能只能通過有線進(jìn)行傳輸?shù)乃季S定式,由于供電側(cè)和受電側(cè)沒有電氣連接,這從根本上消除了在插拔過程中或者特殊工作環(huán)境下產(chǎn)生電火花或者供電回路短路的可能性,從而避免了由此引起的災(zāi)難事故。本文提出將無線輸電技術(shù)應(yīng)用到衛(wèi)星的太陽電池陣-蓄電池組電源系統(tǒng)中,以解決影響航天器工作可靠性的固有瓶頸,針對系統(tǒng)中的核心電氣元件可分離式變壓器,開展了一系列的理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。本文首先介紹了課題的研究背景、國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢,具體介紹了非接觸式陽電池陣-蓄電池組電源系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成、工作原理以及設(shè)計(jì)原則;之后闡述了可分離式變壓器的材料特性、磁路特性、傳輸特性和能量損耗特性,并通過建立互感等效電路模型,詳細(xì)推導(dǎo)出可分離式變壓器原邊輸入功率、副邊輸出功率以及傳輸效率的數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá)式,得出影響變壓器傳輸效率的外部工作和內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù);然后重點(diǎn)介紹可分離式變壓器的設(shè)計(jì)過程:首先選擇整體的磁芯結(jié)構(gòu),通過建立二維軸對稱模型,采用有限元仿真分析方法,根據(jù)氣隙大小對傳輸效率的影響程度選擇了柱面耦合式鐵芯結(jié)構(gòu);之后針對柱面耦合式的可分離式變壓器進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步設(shè)計(jì),包括確定鐵鎳軟磁合金1J50作為鐵芯材料;利用磁路的歐姆定律推導(dǎo)出耦合系數(shù)的表達(dá)式,并根據(jù)表達(dá)式進(jìn)行磁芯窗口尺寸的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),提高了變壓器的耦合系數(shù);考慮集膚效應(yīng)的影響,選擇具體的利茲線規(guī)格;類比普通高頻變壓器繞組設(shè)計(jì)方法確定線圈匝數(shù)。之后建立優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)后的變壓器二維軸對稱模型,研究不同頻率和負(fù)載值對所設(shè)計(jì)變壓器傳輸效率的影響,確定變壓器最佳工作頻率與帶負(fù)載值并得到相應(yīng)的傳輸效率。最后,根據(jù)仿真設(shè)計(jì)得到的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸,加工并制作出可分離式變壓器實(shí)驗(yàn)樣機(jī),并對其進(jìn)行傳輸效率的驗(yàn)證實(shí)驗(yàn),實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果證明,所設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)現(xiàn)的變壓器能夠在100V的高頻電壓下穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行,并且滿足傳輸效率不低于80%的設(shè)計(jì)指標(biāo);并進(jìn)一步通過實(shí)驗(yàn)對仿真結(jié)果與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的誤差進(jìn)行分析,得出鐵芯材料中的磁滯損耗與渦流損耗是造成誤差的主要因素,并對變壓器鐵芯部分進(jìn)行均勻切塊,通過對比實(shí)驗(yàn)證明該方法可以有效減少較低電阻率鐵芯材料的渦流損耗對傳輸效率的不利影響。因此本文的研究成果能夠?yàn)閷頍o線輸電技術(shù)在航天領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用提供一定的理論與實(shí)踐指導(dǎo)作用。
[Abstract]:Wireless transmission is a new mode of power transmission, which breaks the thought that electricity can only be transmitted by wire, because there is no electrical connection between the power supply side and the receiving side. This fundamentally eliminates the possibility of electrical sparks or short circuit in power supply circuits in the process of plugging or in a special working environment, thus avoiding the resulting disaster. In this paper, the wireless transmission technology is applied to the solar array battery power supply system of satellite, in order to solve the inherent bottleneck which affects the reliability of spacecraft, the core electrical components of the system can be separated type transformer. A series of theoretical and experimental studies have been carried out. Firstly, this paper introduces the research background, domestic and international research status and development trend, and introduces the structure, working principle and design principle of the non-contact battery array / battery unit power supply system. Then, the material characteristics, magnetic circuit characteristics, transmission characteristics and energy loss characteristics of separable transformer are expounded, and the input power of the primary edge of separable transformer is deduced in detail by establishing the equivalent circuit model of mutual inductance. The mathematical expressions of the output power and transmission efficiency of the secondary side are obtained, and the external working and internal structure parameters affecting the transmission efficiency of the transformer are obtained. Then the design process of separable transformer is introduced emphatically. Firstly, the whole core structure is selected, and the two-dimensional axisymmetric model is established, and the finite element simulation analysis method is adopted. According to the influence of air gap size on transmission efficiency, the cylindrical coupled core structure is selected. The further design of columnar coupled separable transformer includes the determination of Fe-Ni soft magnetic alloy (1J50) as the core material. The expression of coupling coefficient is deduced by using the Ohm law of magnetic circuit, and the optimum design of the size of magnetic core window is carried out according to the expression, the coupling coefficient of transformer is improved, considering the influence of skin effect, the specific Leeds line specification is selected. The winding number of coils is determined by analogy with common high frequency transformer winding design method. Then a two-dimensional axisymmetric model of the optimized transformer is established to study the influence of different frequencies and load values on the transmission efficiency of the designed transformer. The optimal working frequency and load value of the transformer are determined and the corresponding transmission efficiency is obtained. Finally, according to the structure size of the simulation design, the detachable transformer experimental prototype is processed and manufactured, and the transmission efficiency is verified by the experimental results. The designed and realized transformer can operate stably under the high frequency voltage of 100V and meet the design target of transmission efficiency of not less than 80%. The error of simulation and experiment is analyzed, the hysteresis loss and eddy current loss are the main factors, and the core of transformer is cut evenly. The experimental results show that this method can effectively reduce the negative effect of eddy current loss on the transmission efficiency of low resistivity iron core materials. Therefore, the research results of this paper can provide some theoretical and practical guidance for the future application of wireless transmission technology in aerospace field.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM41

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