鈣鈦礦型太陽能電池制備方法的研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-15 07:34
【摘要】：新型薄膜太陽能電池領(lǐng)域中,鈣鈦礦太陽能電池近年來發(fā)展迅速,在短短幾年的時間里,最高光電轉(zhuǎn)化效率從3.8%迅速提高到22.1%,超過了量子點(diǎn)敏化太陽能電池和有機(jī)聚合物太陽能電池,得到了越來越多的關(guān)注。鈣鈦礦型太陽能電池包括電極材料,電子傳輸層,鈣鈦礦吸光層,空穴傳輸材料等全部或部分結(jié)構(gòu),其中鈣鈦礦吸光層是電池性能的關(guān)鍵影響因素。在材料制備方面,制備方法決定結(jié)構(gòu),結(jié)構(gòu)決定性質(zhì),所以鈣鈦礦材料的制備方法決定電池的性能。在過去的幾年中,人們對鈣鈦礦的制備方法有了很多突出的工作,電池性能取得了巨大進(jìn)步。本文圍繞兩步多次沉積方法制備鈣鈦礦吸光材料展開了研究,并且取得了以下成果:首次將多次沉積方法應(yīng)用于制備純相FAPbI_3鈣鈦礦太陽能電池。結(jié)果表明,用該方法制備純相FAPbI_3鈣鈦礦太陽能電池,不會產(chǎn)生δ非鈣鈦礦黃相,并且制備得到的薄膜取向性良好,結(jié)晶性和穩(wěn)定性也得到了很大的提高,并且薄膜晶粒出現(xiàn)非正常生長,晶粒尺寸達(dá)到了微米量級。通過控制沉積滴數(shù),可以有效控制剩余碘化鉛量及反應(yīng)進(jìn)度。較好的薄膜性質(zhì)是高效率的基礎(chǔ),用該方法制備的純相FAPbI_3鈣鈦礦電池最高效率達(dá)到17.66%。我們在制備過程中加入少量的MAI,對FAI進(jìn)行替換,使得整體電壓和效率得到明顯提高,最優(yōu)比例為摩爾比RFAI/MAI=6:4,在最優(yōu)比例下,制備的電池最高效率達(dá)到19.3%。該工作為發(fā)展和制備高效FAPbI_3和混合陽離子鈣鈦礦電池提供了一個可靠有效的方法。首次通過研究FAI和MAI不同陽離子與PbI2反應(yīng)過程中成核生長過程,對兩步法中陽離子沉積過程進(jìn)行調(diào)控,進(jìn)而調(diào)控鈣鈦礦生長過程。將兩步法沉積過程中第二步用純相溶液依次沉積—原位離子交換法,并研究和表征了沉積和退火過程中的成核反應(yīng)過程。結(jié)果表明,用該方法可以制備出結(jié)晶性良好,晶粒尺寸大,形貌良好的混合陽離子鈣鈦礦薄膜。通過對沉積和退火后薄膜性能的表征,對沉積過程和成核生長過程進(jìn)行了研究,我們發(fā)現(xiàn),用原位離子交換法制備薄膜可以先沉積MA+,與碘化鉛反應(yīng)形成致密的小晶粒層鈣鈦礦薄膜,后面沉積FA+,FA+與MA+相互擴(kuò)散并替換,使得薄膜的成分梯度分布,FA+不容易與碘化鉛反應(yīng)形成鈣鈦礦晶粒,但是FA+相對比較容易與鈣鈦礦反應(yīng)對MA+進(jìn)行替換,從而形成較均勻且致密的薄膜。FA+后沉積過程,有利于輔助晶粒長大,晶粒尺寸達(dá)到微米量級。我們用該方法制備的最優(yōu)條件下的鈣鈦礦太陽能電池最高效率突破20%,達(dá)到20.44%。該工作對兩步法中多次沉積方法進(jìn)行了改進(jìn),并研究了沉積和退火過程,對進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)鈣鈦礦材料的制備工藝具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:In the field of new thin film solar cells, perovskite solar cells have developed rapidly in recent years. In just a few years, the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency has been raised rapidly from 3.8% to 22.1%. More and more attention has been paid to quantum dot-sensitized solar cells and organic polymer solar cells. Perovskite solar cells include electrode materials, electron transport layer, perovskite absorbent layer, hole transport material, etc. Among them, perovskite absorption layer is the key factor affecting the performance of the cell. In the aspect of material preparation, the preparation method determines the structure and properties, so the preparation method of perovskite material determines the performance of the battery. In the past few years, a lot of outstanding work has been done on the preparation of perovskite, and great progress has been made in the performance of the battery. In this paper, the preparation of perovskite absorbent materials by two steps multiple deposition method has been studied, and the following results have been obtained: for the first time, the multiple deposition method has been applied to the preparation of pure FAPbI_3 perovskite solar cells. The results show that the pure FAPbI_3 perovskite solar cells prepared by this method will not produce 未 -non-perovskite yellow phase, and the prepared films have good orientation, and the crystallinity and stability have been greatly improved. And the grain size of the film reaches micron order of magnitude. The amount of residual lead iodide and reaction progress can be effectively controlled by controlling the number of droplets deposited. Good film properties are the basis of high efficiency. The maximum efficiency of pure phase FAPbI_3 perovskite battery prepared by this method is 17.66. In the preparation process, a small amount of MAI, was added to replace the FAI, and the overall voltage and efficiency were improved obviously. The optimum molar ratio of RFAI/MAI=6:4, in the optimal proportion was 19.3wt%, and the maximum efficiency of the prepared battery was 19.3%. This work provides a reliable and effective method for the development and preparation of high efficiency FAPbI_3 and mixed cationic perovskite batteries. For the first time, the nucleation and growth process of different cations of FAI and MAI in reaction with PbI2 was studied, and the process of cationic deposition in the two-step process was regulated, and then the growth process of perovskite was regulated. The second step of the two-step deposition process was sequentially deposition-in-situ ion exchange method with pure phase solution, and the nucleation reaction process in the deposition and annealing process was studied and characterized. The results show that the mixed cationic perovskite thin films with good crystallinity, large grain size and good morphology can be prepared by this method. The deposition and nucleation process of the films were investigated by characterizing the properties of the films after deposition and annealing. We found that MA can be deposited first by in situ ion exchange method. A compact perovskite thin film with small grain layer was formed by reaction with lead iodide, and then FA, FA and MA were deposited to diffuse and replace each other, which resulted in the composition gradient distribution of the film, and FA could not react easily with lead iodide to form perovskite grain. However, FA is relatively easy to replace MA with perovskite to form a more uniform and compact film. The post-deposition process of FA is favorable to assist grain growth, and the grain size reaches micron order. The maximum efficiency of perovskite solar cells prepared by this method is 20.44. In this work, the method of multiple deposition in the two-step method is improved, and the deposition and annealing process are studied, which has certain guiding significance for further improving the preparation process of perovskite materials.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院大學(xué)(中國科學(xué)院物理研究所)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM914.4
本文編號：2332584
[Abstract]:In the field of new thin film solar cells, perovskite solar cells have developed rapidly in recent years. In just a few years, the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency has been raised rapidly from 3.8% to 22.1%. More and more attention has been paid to quantum dot-sensitized solar cells and organic polymer solar cells. Perovskite solar cells include electrode materials, electron transport layer, perovskite absorbent layer, hole transport material, etc. Among them, perovskite absorption layer is the key factor affecting the performance of the cell. In the aspect of material preparation, the preparation method determines the structure and properties, so the preparation method of perovskite material determines the performance of the battery. In the past few years, a lot of outstanding work has been done on the preparation of perovskite, and great progress has been made in the performance of the battery. In this paper, the preparation of perovskite absorbent materials by two steps multiple deposition method has been studied, and the following results have been obtained: for the first time, the multiple deposition method has been applied to the preparation of pure FAPbI_3 perovskite solar cells. The results show that the pure FAPbI_3 perovskite solar cells prepared by this method will not produce 未 -non-perovskite yellow phase, and the prepared films have good orientation, and the crystallinity and stability have been greatly improved. And the grain size of the film reaches micron order of magnitude. The amount of residual lead iodide and reaction progress can be effectively controlled by controlling the number of droplets deposited. Good film properties are the basis of high efficiency. The maximum efficiency of pure phase FAPbI_3 perovskite battery prepared by this method is 17.66. In the preparation process, a small amount of MAI, was added to replace the FAI, and the overall voltage and efficiency were improved obviously. The optimum molar ratio of RFAI/MAI=6:4, in the optimal proportion was 19.3wt%, and the maximum efficiency of the prepared battery was 19.3%. This work provides a reliable and effective method for the development and preparation of high efficiency FAPbI_3 and mixed cationic perovskite batteries. For the first time, the nucleation and growth process of different cations of FAI and MAI in reaction with PbI2 was studied, and the process of cationic deposition in the two-step process was regulated, and then the growth process of perovskite was regulated. The second step of the two-step deposition process was sequentially deposition-in-situ ion exchange method with pure phase solution, and the nucleation reaction process in the deposition and annealing process was studied and characterized. The results show that the mixed cationic perovskite thin films with good crystallinity, large grain size and good morphology can be prepared by this method. The deposition and nucleation process of the films were investigated by characterizing the properties of the films after deposition and annealing. We found that MA can be deposited first by in situ ion exchange method. A compact perovskite thin film with small grain layer was formed by reaction with lead iodide, and then FA, FA and MA were deposited to diffuse and replace each other, which resulted in the composition gradient distribution of the film, and FA could not react easily with lead iodide to form perovskite grain. However, FA is relatively easy to replace MA with perovskite to form a more uniform and compact film. The post-deposition process of FA is favorable to assist grain growth, and the grain size reaches micron order. The maximum efficiency of perovskite solar cells prepared by this method is 20.44. In this work, the method of multiple deposition in the two-step method is improved, and the deposition and annealing process are studied, which has certain guiding significance for further improving the preparation process of perovskite materials.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院大學(xué)(中國科學(xué)院物理研究所)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM914.4
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條
1 Huiyin Zhang;Jiangjian Shi;Juan Dong;Xin Xu;Yanhong Luo;Dongmei Li;Qingbo Meng;;A repeated interdiffusion method for efficient planar formamidinium perovskite solar cells[J];Journal of Energy Chemistry;2015年06期
2 姚鑫;丁艷麗;張曉丹;趙穎;;鈣鈦礦太陽電池綜述[J];物理學(xué)報;2015年03期
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