溫差發(fā)電系統(tǒng)電能變換及能量匹配技術研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-29 16:00
【摘要】：廢熱的耗散帶來能源的浪費。近年來,各種對廢熱能量進行收集的技術逐漸出現。溫差發(fā)電技術就是一種能將廢熱轉變?yōu)殡娔艿募夹g,具有安靜環(huán)保、吸熱降溫等優(yōu)點,可用在電力電子器件散熱等領域,在增強散熱的同時,利用廢熱所產生的溫差發(fā)出電能。作為一種新型的能源利用與散熱技術,溫差發(fā)電技術越來越受到企業(yè)和學術界的關注。溫差發(fā)電片作為溫差發(fā)電的基本元件,其輸出電壓受溫差影響,具有不確定性,無法直接供給負載。同時溫差發(fā)電系統(tǒng)作為一種獨立發(fā)電系統(tǒng),有著固有的能量失配問題。針對上述問題,本文設計了一種恒電壓輸出變換器,利用閉環(huán)控制實現恒電壓輸出,供給負載穩(wěn)定的電能;在功率分析的基礎上設計了能量匹配系統(tǒng),利用功耗匹配單元,實現了能量匹配,改善了系統(tǒng)的散熱效果。本文具體的研究工作有:首先,為了更好地設計合適的變換器,利用熱電物理效應理論建立了溫差發(fā)電片熱電模型。又在實驗研究和數據擬合基礎上,研究了溫差發(fā)電片的輸出特性,根據此特性,建立了溫差發(fā)電片的等效電路模型。該模型能反映出溫差發(fā)電片中的電路參數與溫差和負載之間的關系。在此基礎上,為了獲得恒定的電壓來供給負載,設計了低壓啟動的恒電壓輸出變換器,能夠在較大的輸入電壓和負載變化范圍內實現電壓閉環(huán)輸出。為了快速應對溫度變化帶來的輸入電壓波動,變換器采用前饋-反饋控制方式。同時,針對溫差發(fā)電系統(tǒng)作為獨立供電系統(tǒng)固有的能量失配問題,建立了一種受控功率源模型,研究了溫差發(fā)電系統(tǒng)能量失配的產生機理,得到溫差發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的三個工作區(qū)。為了避免系統(tǒng)進入危害較大的輕載失配工作區(qū),設計了能量匹配系統(tǒng),根據需求產生功耗,平衡發(fā)電與用電能量。在此過程中,系統(tǒng)將母線電壓控制在上限閾值以下,增強了散熱效果。最后,根據理論分析和設計計算結果,搭建實驗樣機。實驗樣機中的能量匹配電路采用直流供電的風扇作為能耗單元,以便于在消耗多余電能的同時,又能通過風冷,進一步改善散熱效果。實驗驗證了電路模型的合理性,證明了主電路與控制器設計的有效性。
[Abstract]:The dissipation of waste heat brings about a waste of energy. In recent years, a variety of waste heat energy collection technology gradually emerged. Thermoelectric power generation technology is a kind of technology which can transform waste heat into electric energy. It has the advantages of quiet environmental protection, endothermic cooling and so on. It can be used in the field of heat dissipation of power electronic devices, while enhancing heat dissipation, at the same time, using the temperature difference generated by waste heat to emit electric energy. As a new energy utilization and heat dissipation technology, thermoelectric power generation technology has attracted more and more attention from enterprises and academia. As the basic component of thermoelectric power generation, the output voltage of thermoelectric plate is uncertain and can not be directly supplied to the load. At the same time, as an independent generation system, thermoelectric power generation system has inherent energy mismatch problem. Aiming at the above problems, this paper designs a constant voltage output converter, which uses closed loop control to realize the constant voltage output and supply the power with stable load. Based on the power analysis, the energy matching system is designed. The energy matching is realized by using the power matching unit, and the heat dissipation effect of the system is improved. The main work of this paper is as follows: firstly, in order to better design the suitable converter, the thermoelectric model of thermoelectric plate is established by using thermoelectric physical effect theory. On the basis of experimental research and data fitting, the output characteristics of thermoelectric plate are studied. According to this characteristic, the equivalent circuit model of thermoelectric plate is established. The model can reflect the relationship between circuit parameters, temperature difference and load. On this basis, in order to obtain a constant voltage to supply the load, a low-voltage start-up constant voltage output converter is designed, which can realize the closed-loop voltage output in a large range of input voltage and load variation. In order to deal with the fluctuation of input voltage caused by temperature change fast, the converter adopts feedforward-feedback control method. At the same time, aiming at the inherent energy mismatch problem of thermoelectric power generation system as an independent power supply system, a controlled power source model is established, and the generation mechanism of thermal differential power generation system energy mismatch is studied, and three working areas of thermoelectricity generation system are obtained. In order to avoid the system from entering the riskier light-load mismatch working area, an energy matching system is designed, which generates power consumption according to the demand and balances the power generation with the electric energy. In the process, the bus voltage is controlled below the upper threshold, which enhances the heat dissipation effect. Finally, according to the theoretical analysis and design calculation results, build the experimental prototype. The energy matching circuit in the experimental prototype uses a direct current power supply fan as the energy consumption unit, so as to further improve the heat dissipation effect by air cooling while consuming excess energy. The rationality of the circuit model is verified by experiments, and the validity of the design of the main circuit and the controller is proved.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM913
[Abstract]:The dissipation of waste heat brings about a waste of energy. In recent years, a variety of waste heat energy collection technology gradually emerged. Thermoelectric power generation technology is a kind of technology which can transform waste heat into electric energy. It has the advantages of quiet environmental protection, endothermic cooling and so on. It can be used in the field of heat dissipation of power electronic devices, while enhancing heat dissipation, at the same time, using the temperature difference generated by waste heat to emit electric energy. As a new energy utilization and heat dissipation technology, thermoelectric power generation technology has attracted more and more attention from enterprises and academia. As the basic component of thermoelectric power generation, the output voltage of thermoelectric plate is uncertain and can not be directly supplied to the load. At the same time, as an independent generation system, thermoelectric power generation system has inherent energy mismatch problem. Aiming at the above problems, this paper designs a constant voltage output converter, which uses closed loop control to realize the constant voltage output and supply the power with stable load. Based on the power analysis, the energy matching system is designed. The energy matching is realized by using the power matching unit, and the heat dissipation effect of the system is improved. The main work of this paper is as follows: firstly, in order to better design the suitable converter, the thermoelectric model of thermoelectric plate is established by using thermoelectric physical effect theory. On the basis of experimental research and data fitting, the output characteristics of thermoelectric plate are studied. According to this characteristic, the equivalent circuit model of thermoelectric plate is established. The model can reflect the relationship between circuit parameters, temperature difference and load. On this basis, in order to obtain a constant voltage to supply the load, a low-voltage start-up constant voltage output converter is designed, which can realize the closed-loop voltage output in a large range of input voltage and load variation. In order to deal with the fluctuation of input voltage caused by temperature change fast, the converter adopts feedforward-feedback control method. At the same time, aiming at the inherent energy mismatch problem of thermoelectric power generation system as an independent power supply system, a controlled power source model is established, and the generation mechanism of thermal differential power generation system energy mismatch is studied, and three working areas of thermoelectricity generation system are obtained. In order to avoid the system from entering the riskier light-load mismatch working area, an energy matching system is designed, which generates power consumption according to the demand and balances the power generation with the electric energy. In the process, the bus voltage is controlled below the upper threshold, which enhances the heat dissipation effect. Finally, according to the theoretical analysis and design calculation results, build the experimental prototype. The energy matching circuit in the experimental prototype uses a direct current power supply fan as the energy consumption unit, so as to further improve the heat dissipation effect by air cooling while consuming excess energy. The rationality of the circuit model is verified by experiments, and the validity of the design of the main circuit and the controller is proved.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM913
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