【摘要】：快速和準(zhǔn)確的故障定位對(duì)于迅速恢復(fù)配電網(wǎng)供電至關(guān)重要。隨著電力電子技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展與應(yīng)用,新能源發(fā)電技術(shù)日趨成熟,高滲透率的分布式電源接入配網(wǎng)成為一種趨勢(shì)。而分布式電源短路時(shí)的故障特性與傳統(tǒng)同步發(fā)電機(jī)差別較大,與控制策略等因素密切相關(guān)。當(dāng)配網(wǎng)中分布式電源比例較高、分布式電源整體提供短路電流的能力較強(qiáng)時(shí),會(huì)給配網(wǎng)原有的基于工頻電流的保護(hù)和故障定位方法帶來(lái)一定的挑戰(zhàn)。本論文從系統(tǒng)故障后高頻信息的角度出發(fā),研究了基于系統(tǒng)高頻阻抗測(cè)量的故障定位方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)含高比例分布式電源配網(wǎng)的故障定位。論文首先分析了系統(tǒng)故障以后高頻信息存在的理論依據(jù)。通過(guò)對(duì)常用時(shí)-頻變換方法的比較,選定了高頻阻抗信息的獲取方式。在多點(diǎn)量測(cè)的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了一種基于系統(tǒng)高頻阻抗測(cè)量的配網(wǎng)故障定位方法,以故障高頻信號(hào)為源,得到線路始末端各測(cè)點(diǎn)的高頻阻抗值,通過(guò)比較各測(cè)量裝置組內(nèi)高頻阻抗值的大小關(guān)系確定故障線路位置,實(shí)現(xiàn)快速有效的定位。并對(duì)過(guò)渡電阻、不平衡負(fù)荷、測(cè)點(diǎn)不足等因素對(duì)本方法的影響進(jìn)行了分析。其次建立了直接并網(wǎng)類分布式電源和經(jīng)逆變器并網(wǎng)類分布式電源的高頻阻抗模型,通過(guò)對(duì)兩類分布式電源的建模分析證明了其在故障后高頻分量網(wǎng)絡(luò)中具有穩(wěn)定的高頻阻抗模型及高頻阻抗值,并通過(guò)仿真驗(yàn)證了所建模型的正確性,表明本論文所提基于高頻阻抗測(cè)量的故障定位方法對(duì)含高比例分布式電源的配網(wǎng)完全適用。利用故障后短窗數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算高頻阻抗值可以有效避免分布式電源控制策略以及輸出功率變化的影響。與分布式電源的工頻模型相比,其高頻阻抗模型更具確定性和普適性。最后基于IEEE 33節(jié)點(diǎn)配電系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)和參數(shù),搭建了含高比例分布式電源配網(wǎng)仿真算例,對(duì)所提故障定位方法進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。仿真結(jié)果表明所提故障定位方法合理、有效,能夠正確地定位故障線路,并且不受過(guò)渡電阻、不平衡負(fù)荷等因素的影響,原理簡(jiǎn)單,無(wú)需數(shù)值整定,具有較好的自適應(yīng)性。
[Abstract]:Fast and accurate fault location is very important to restore the power supply of distribution network quickly. With the rapid development and application of power electronics technology, new energy generation technology is becoming more and more mature. The fault characteristics of distributed power supply are different from those of traditional synchronous generator and are closely related to control strategy and so on. When the proportion of distributed power supply in distribution network is high and the ability of distributed power supply to provide short circuit current is strong, it will bring some challenges to the original protection and fault location method based on power frequency current in distribution network. In this paper, from the point of view of high frequency information after system failure, the fault location method based on system high frequency impedance measurement is studied, and the fault location of distribution network with high proportion of distributed power supply is realized. Firstly, the theoretical basis for the existence of high frequency information after the system failure is analyzed. The method of obtaining high frequency impedance information is selected by comparing the common time-frequency transform methods. On the basis of multipoint measurement, a fault location method of distribution network based on system high frequency impedance measurement is proposed. The high frequency impedance of each measuring point at the beginning and end of the line is obtained by using the fault high frequency signal as the source. The location of fault line is determined by comparing the relationship between the high frequency impedance values of each measuring device group, and the location of fault line is realized quickly and effectively. The effects of transition resistance, unbalanced load and insufficient measuring point on this method are analyzed. Secondly, the high frequency impedance models of direct grid-connected distributed power supply and grid-connected power supply via inverter are established. Through modeling and analysis of two kinds of distributed power supply, it is proved that it has stable high frequency impedance model and high frequency impedance value in the high frequency component network after failure, and the correctness of the model is verified by simulation. The results show that the proposed fault location method based on high frequency impedance measurement is suitable for the distribution network with high proportion of distributed power. Using the short window data to calculate the high frequency impedance value can effectively avoid the influence of the control strategy and the output power change of the distributed power generation. Compared with the power frequency model of distributed generation, the high frequency impedance model is more deterministic and universal. Finally, based on the structure and parameters of IEEE 33-bus distribution system, a simulation example of distribution network with high proportion of distributed power supply is built, and the proposed fault location method is verified. The simulation results show that the proposed fault location method is reasonable and effective, and it can locate the fault line correctly, and it is not affected by the factors such as transition resistance, unbalanced load and so on. The principle is simple and no numerical tuning is needed, so it has good adaptability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM732;TM934.7

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