【摘要】：高速永磁電機(jī)集高效率,高功率密度,可直接驅(qū)動(dòng)高速負(fù)載等優(yōu)點(diǎn)于一身,廣泛應(yīng)用于電動(dòng)汽車、高速電主軸、航空發(fā)航天和微型燃?xì)廨啺l(fā)電等領(lǐng)域。但是高速永磁電機(jī)的單位損耗大、散熱面積小、電機(jī)散熱困難、易于引發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)子過熱,嚴(yán)重時(shí)甚至可能導(dǎo)致永磁體不可逆失磁,不利于電機(jī)的可靠運(yùn)行,所以對高速永磁電機(jī)損耗與溫升進(jìn)行研究是十分必要的。由于鐵耗在高速電機(jī)中占比重很高,因此,本文采用具有低損耗的非晶合金作為高速電機(jī)定子鐵心材料。研究高速非晶合金永磁電機(jī)鐵耗與溫升,對影響鐵耗與溫升的諸多因素進(jìn)行了研究并通過試驗(yàn)加以驗(yàn)證。首先,通過實(shí)驗(yàn)測得了不同頻率下非晶合金定子鐵心的損耗曲線。然后,基于有限元軟件對正弦波供電時(shí)電機(jī)的空載鐵耗進(jìn)行計(jì)算,分別研究了頻率、轉(zhuǎn)子磁極結(jié)構(gòu)、極槽配合這些因素的改變對空載鐵耗的大小及其分布的影響。得到了電機(jī)頻率與空載鐵耗的擬合關(guān)系,隨后計(jì)算了在變頻器供電下的空載鐵耗分布規(guī)律,并對非晶合金高速永磁電機(jī)樣機(jī)在變頻器供電下進(jìn)行了的空載鐵耗試驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證計(jì)算結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性。其次,基于流固耦合方法研究了高速永磁電機(jī)繞組端部等效與繞組灌封對電機(jī)溫升的影響,并研究了采用不同導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)導(dǎo)熱膠灌封對電機(jī)溫升的影響。計(jì)算了轉(zhuǎn)子表面粗糙度、電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速、定子內(nèi)表面有無槽口對電機(jī)定轉(zhuǎn)子傳熱的影響。得到了電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子表面粗糙度、電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速與空氣摩擦損耗的擬合關(guān)系。并研究了冷卻邊界條件入口水速、水溫對電機(jī)溫升的影響。最后,采用有限體積法對高速永磁電機(jī)機(jī)殼水冷全封閉式高速永磁電機(jī)在不同轉(zhuǎn)子結(jié)構(gòu)下機(jī)內(nèi)流體場與溫度場的耦合場進(jìn)行仿真,研究不同轉(zhuǎn)子結(jié)構(gòu)對對電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子散熱的影響規(guī)律,通過在轉(zhuǎn)子鐵心開設(shè)軸向通風(fēng)孔并在轉(zhuǎn)子端面加入風(fēng)刺的方法來加強(qiáng)電機(jī)內(nèi)空氣的湍流效應(yīng),以改善端腔的散熱條件,并研究了不同轉(zhuǎn)子孔數(shù)量與轉(zhuǎn)子孔尺寸對電機(jī)流體場與溫度場的影響,該永磁體溫升抑制措施可以為結(jié)構(gòu)型式相近的全封閉高速永磁電機(jī)提供參考。并對文中研究的15kW全封閉水冷高速非晶合金永磁電機(jī)的樣機(jī)進(jìn)行溫升試驗(yàn),通過對比計(jì)算結(jié)果與試驗(yàn)值驗(yàn)證了溫升計(jì)算結(jié)果的正確性。
[Abstract]:High speed permanent magnet motor has the advantages of high efficiency, high power density, direct driving high speed load and so on. It is widely used in electric vehicles, high speed motorized spindle, aerospace and micro gas wheel power generation and so on. However, the unit loss of high speed permanent magnet motor is large, the heat dissipation area is small, the motor is difficult to dissipate heat, it is easy to cause rotor overheating, and when serious, it may even lead to irreversible loss of magnetic field of permanent magnet, which is not conducive to the reliable operation of the motor. So it is necessary to study the loss and temperature rise of high speed permanent magnet motor. Due to the high proportion of iron consumption in high speed motor, the amorphous alloy with low loss is used as the stator core material of high speed motor in this paper. The iron consumption and temperature rise of high speed amorphous alloy permanent magnet motor are studied. Many factors affecting iron consumption and temperature rise are studied and verified by experiments. Firstly, the loss curves of amorphous alloy stator core at different frequencies were measured experimentally. Then, based on the finite element software, the no-load iron loss of sinusoidal power supply motor is calculated. The influence of frequency, rotor pole structure and pole slot on the size and distribution of no-load iron loss is studied. The relationship between motor frequency and no-load iron consumption is obtained, and the distribution law of no-load iron consumption under inverter power supply is calculated, and the no-load iron consumption test of amorphous alloy high-speed permanent magnet motor prototype is carried out under inverter power supply. Verify the accuracy of the calculation results. Secondly, based on the fluid-solid coupling method, the effect of winding end equivalence and winding sealing on the temperature rise of high speed permanent magnet motor is studied, and the effect of different thermal conductivity glue on the temperature rise of the motor is studied. The effects of rotor surface roughness, motor speed and stator surface slotted or not on the heat transfer of stator and rotor are calculated. The relationship between rotor surface roughness, motor speed and air friction loss is obtained. The influence of inlet water velocity and water temperature on the temperature rise of motor is studied. Finally, the finite volume method is used to simulate the coupling field of fluid field and temperature field of high-speed permanent magnet motor with water-cooled fully enclosed high-speed permanent magnet motor under different rotor structures. The influence of different rotor structures on the heat dissipation of motor rotor is studied. The air turbulence effect in the motor is strengthened by opening an axial ventilation hole in the rotor core and adding wind spurs to the end of the rotor to improve the heat dissipation conditions of the end cavity. The effects of the number of rotor holes and the size of rotor holes on the fluid field and temperature field of the motor are studied. The temperature rise suppression measures of the permanent magnet can provide a reference for the fully enclosed high speed permanent magnet motor with similar structure. The temperature rise test of the 15kW fully closed water cooled high speed amorphous alloy permanent magnet motor studied in this paper is carried out, and the correctness of the temperature rise calculation is verified by comparing the calculated results with the experimental results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM351

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