基于風力-PVT-燃料電池的微型熱電聯(lián)供系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化與控制研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-19 13:46
【摘要】：熱電聯(lián)供微網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)是解決當下能源危機的一項重要技術(shù),高效的能源利用率,種類繁多的分布式單元為聯(lián)供系統(tǒng)的組建提供了多種類的選擇。本文選擇建立基于風力-PVT-燃料電池-電解裝置的熱電聯(lián)供微網(wǎng)系統(tǒng),旨在實現(xiàn)能源的節(jié)約和環(huán)境的保護。但由于風力、光伏發(fā)電因環(huán)境因素帶來的發(fā)電隨機性、波動性和間歇性的特點,以及負載需求的季節(jié)性和階段性特點,使得系統(tǒng)的容量配置成為研究重點。本文就系統(tǒng)20年全壽命周期下,如何優(yōu)化配置各單元容量,在滿足系統(tǒng)熱電負載需求的同時最小化系統(tǒng)運行成本進行研究。主要研究工作圍繞PVT效率優(yōu)化控制和風力-PVT-燃料電池熱電聯(lián)供系統(tǒng)容量配比優(yōu)化展開,研究思路如下:首先介紹研究當下我國面臨的能源問題和背景,提出基于風力、PVT、燃料電池等新能源為基礎(chǔ)的熱電聯(lián)供微網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)是解決當下能源問題的一種重要手段。其次設(shè)計PVT熱電聯(lián)供系統(tǒng),對當下已有的PVT系統(tǒng)進行優(yōu)化;控制PVT系統(tǒng)水循環(huán)速率達到最優(yōu)集熱效率,通過熱力學第一定律綜合效率來評價系統(tǒng)的綜合效率,通過對比獨立型熱水器系統(tǒng)與PV光伏系統(tǒng)來評判系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)點。重點研究熱電聯(lián)供系統(tǒng)最優(yōu)容量配置問題,對熱電聯(lián)供微能系統(tǒng)中的各單元進行建模,以NASA氣象數(shù)據(jù)庫為依據(jù),獲取特定區(qū)域的氣象資料,并對實時風力光照資源進行分析;提出了以電定熱的運行模式,通過分析風力、光伏實時發(fā)熱電輸出與熱電負荷需求的不同,建立供需平衡關(guān)系式;對系統(tǒng)整體運行策略進行分析,并由此推導出燃料電池、制氫裝置的容量的計算公式,以及各分布式單元容量范圍。進而建立以最小投資成本為優(yōu)化目標的目標函數(shù),為接下來具體算法的選擇和最優(yōu)容量配比的計算提供依據(jù)。最后通過對比各類算法的特點,選擇了自適應(yīng)型改進型粒子群算法(PSO)作為本文求解最優(yōu)配比的算法。運用已建立的目標函數(shù)作為優(yōu)化適應(yīng)度函數(shù)來求解最優(yōu)配比,最后對最優(yōu)配比下的熱電聯(lián)供系統(tǒng)從成本、實時供需狀況、及環(huán)保性等多條件下的可行性分析;并選擇系統(tǒng)某一時間段運行狀況,詳細分析系統(tǒng)中各單元如何相互配合來滿足用戶熱電負載平衡。綜合多個方面對系統(tǒng)進行了分析和評估,證明系統(tǒng)的有效性及合理性。
[Abstract]:The microgrid system is an important technology to solve the energy crisis. High efficiency of energy utilization and a wide variety of distributed units provide a variety of options for the construction of the co-supply system. In this paper, a thermoelectric microgrid system based on wind power PVT- fuel cell electrolytic unit is established, which aims to save energy and protect the environment. However, due to wind power, the characteristics of randomness, volatility and intermittence of photovoltaic power generation due to environmental factors, as well as the seasonal and phased characteristics of load demand, the capacity allocation of the system becomes the focus of research. In this paper, we study how to optimize the capacity of each unit in order to meet the requirement of thermoelectric load and minimize the operating cost of the system under the life cycle of 20 years. The main research work is focused on the optimization of PVT efficiency control and the optimization of the capacity ratio of the wind-PVT- fuel cell heat and power system. The research ideas are as follows: firstly, the energy problems and background facing our country are introduced. Based on new energy sources, such as wind power PVT and fuel cell, a thermoelectric microgrid system is proposed as an important means to solve the energy problem. Secondly, the PVT heat and power supply system is designed to optimize the existing PVT system, to control the water cycle rate of the PVT system to achieve the optimal heat collection efficiency, and to evaluate the comprehensive efficiency of the system through the first law of thermodynamics synthesis efficiency. The advantages of the system are evaluated by comparing the independent water heater system with the PV photovoltaic system. This paper focuses on the optimal capacity allocation of the combined heat and power supply system, models each unit in the heat and power supply micro-energy system, obtains the meteorological data of the specific area based on the NASA meteorological database, and analyzes the real-time wind power and illumination resources. By analyzing the difference between the demand of wind power, photovoltaic real-time heating output and thermoelectric load, the relationship between supply and demand is established, and the overall operation strategy of the system is analyzed, and the fuel cell is deduced. The calculation formula of the capacity of hydrogen production unit and the capacity range of each distributed unit. Then the objective function with the minimum investment cost as the optimization objective is established, which provides the basis for the selection of the following specific algorithm and the calculation of the optimal capacity ratio. Finally, the adaptive modified particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is chosen as the algorithm to solve the optimal matching by comparing the characteristics of various algorithms. The established objective function is used as the optimization fitness function to solve the optimal matching. Finally, the feasibility analysis of the heat and power co-supply system under the optimal ratio is made under the conditions of cost, real-time supply and demand, and environmental protection. At the same time, the operation condition of the system is selected, and how the units in the system cooperate with each other to meet the load balance of the users is analyzed in detail. The system is analyzed and evaluated in many aspects, and the validity and rationality of the system are proved.
【學位授予單位】：杭州電子科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM727
[Abstract]:The microgrid system is an important technology to solve the energy crisis. High efficiency of energy utilization and a wide variety of distributed units provide a variety of options for the construction of the co-supply system. In this paper, a thermoelectric microgrid system based on wind power PVT- fuel cell electrolytic unit is established, which aims to save energy and protect the environment. However, due to wind power, the characteristics of randomness, volatility and intermittence of photovoltaic power generation due to environmental factors, as well as the seasonal and phased characteristics of load demand, the capacity allocation of the system becomes the focus of research. In this paper, we study how to optimize the capacity of each unit in order to meet the requirement of thermoelectric load and minimize the operating cost of the system under the life cycle of 20 years. The main research work is focused on the optimization of PVT efficiency control and the optimization of the capacity ratio of the wind-PVT- fuel cell heat and power system. The research ideas are as follows: firstly, the energy problems and background facing our country are introduced. Based on new energy sources, such as wind power PVT and fuel cell, a thermoelectric microgrid system is proposed as an important means to solve the energy problem. Secondly, the PVT heat and power supply system is designed to optimize the existing PVT system, to control the water cycle rate of the PVT system to achieve the optimal heat collection efficiency, and to evaluate the comprehensive efficiency of the system through the first law of thermodynamics synthesis efficiency. The advantages of the system are evaluated by comparing the independent water heater system with the PV photovoltaic system. This paper focuses on the optimal capacity allocation of the combined heat and power supply system, models each unit in the heat and power supply micro-energy system, obtains the meteorological data of the specific area based on the NASA meteorological database, and analyzes the real-time wind power and illumination resources. By analyzing the difference between the demand of wind power, photovoltaic real-time heating output and thermoelectric load, the relationship between supply and demand is established, and the overall operation strategy of the system is analyzed, and the fuel cell is deduced. The calculation formula of the capacity of hydrogen production unit and the capacity range of each distributed unit. Then the objective function with the minimum investment cost as the optimization objective is established, which provides the basis for the selection of the following specific algorithm and the calculation of the optimal capacity ratio. Finally, the adaptive modified particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is chosen as the algorithm to solve the optimal matching by comparing the characteristics of various algorithms. The established objective function is used as the optimization fitness function to solve the optimal matching. Finally, the feasibility analysis of the heat and power co-supply system under the optimal ratio is made under the conditions of cost, real-time supply and demand, and environmental protection. At the same time, the operation condition of the system is selected, and how the units in the system cooperate with each other to meet the load balance of the users is analyzed in detail. The system is analyzed and evaluated in many aspects, and the validity and rationality of the system are proved.
【學位授予單位】：杭州電子科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM727
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