【摘要】：永磁同步電機(jī)作為目前應(yīng)用非常廣泛的設(shè)備動力源,具有功率密度高、損耗比重小、動態(tài)響應(yīng)快等優(yōu)點。以永磁同步電機(jī)為核心部件的伺服系統(tǒng),為制造業(yè)以及相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)解決了諸多工藝上的難題。永磁同步電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子的結(jié)構(gòu)繁多,作為其優(yōu)化設(shè)計的產(chǎn)物,多邊形轉(zhuǎn)子磁軛結(jié)構(gòu)在提高電機(jī)反電勢正弦度,降低轉(zhuǎn)矩波動方面具有相當(dāng)大的優(yōu)勢,受到了人們越來越多的關(guān)注。然而,在現(xiàn)有研究中,對采用這種結(jié)構(gòu)的永磁同步電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)子受力情況研究還較為欠缺,制約著其性能的進(jìn)一步提高,因此,本文以多邊形轉(zhuǎn)子磁軛永磁同步電機(jī)為研究對象,開展了基于磁場分區(qū)域解析法的轉(zhuǎn)子二維電磁力特性研究,對該結(jié)構(gòu)在永磁同步電機(jī)中進(jìn)一步的應(yīng)用和發(fā)展都具有相當(dāng)?shù)囊饬x。本文的研究工作主要分為四個階段,由于磁場是求解電磁力的基礎(chǔ),所以本文首先采用分區(qū)域方法對多邊形轉(zhuǎn)子磁軛永磁同步電機(jī)的空載氣隙磁場進(jìn)行了解析計算。在求解過程中,將整個電機(jī)面域分為了4部分,并利用交界條件將它們聯(lián)系起來。針對多邊形轉(zhuǎn)子磁軛結(jié)構(gòu)的特殊性,在該部分提出了轉(zhuǎn)子磁軛半徑函數(shù)與偏心永磁體半徑函數(shù),用以描述不均勻氣隙長度,并根據(jù)由交界條件轉(zhuǎn)化而來的矩陣方程,確定了空載氣隙磁場的分布情況。將該方法的計算結(jié)果與有限元計算結(jié)果進(jìn)行對比,其吻合度較高。其次,采用類似的方式,忽略永磁體的磁化強(qiáng)度,并假設(shè)永磁體與氣隙的相對磁導(dǎo)率相同,將電機(jī)面域分為3部分,對電樞反應(yīng)氣隙磁場進(jìn)行了解析計算,將其結(jié)果與有限元計算結(jié)果進(jìn)行對比,驗證了解析過程的正確性,為負(fù)載氣隙磁場以及負(fù)載二維電磁力的分析奠定了基礎(chǔ)。再次,基于前兩章節(jié)的磁場解析結(jié)果,根據(jù)麥克斯韋應(yīng)力公式對多邊形轉(zhuǎn)子磁軛永磁同步電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)子二維電磁應(yīng)力分布進(jìn)行了求解,將計算結(jié)果分解為三部分,對每一部分進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的分析,并與普通圓形轉(zhuǎn)子磁軛永磁同步電機(jī)的受力情況進(jìn)行對比,探究了兩者的區(qū)別。同時,將二維電磁應(yīng)力的徑向分量與切向分量分別投影到X與Y方向,通過積分得到了整個轉(zhuǎn)子所承受的不平衡磁拉力,研究了不平衡磁拉力的特性及其與電機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。最后,設(shè)計了實驗樣機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu),并進(jìn)行了4組實驗。通過對樣機(jī)空載反電勢與電感的測試,驗證了磁場解析的正確性;通過對樣機(jī)不平衡磁拉力的測試,驗證了二維電磁力求解分析的正確性。
[Abstract]:Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) as a very widely used power source has the advantages of high power density, low loss, fast dynamic response and so on. The servo system based on permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has solved many technical problems for manufacturing and related industries. The rotor structure of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is various. As the product of its optimal design, the polygonal rotor yoke structure has considerable advantages in increasing the sinusoidal potential of the motor and reducing the torque ripple, which has attracted more and more attention. However, in the existing research, the research on the rotor force of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with this structure is still lacking, which restricts the further improvement of its performance. Therefore, this paper takes the polygonal rotor yoke permanent magnet synchronous motor as the research object. In this paper, the two-dimensional electromagnetic force characteristics of the rotor based on the magnetic field analysis method are studied, which is of great significance to the further application and development of the structure in the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The research work in this paper is divided into four stages. Because the magnetic field is the basis of solving the electromagnetic force, the no-load air-gap magnetic field of the polygonal rotor yoke permanent magnet synchronous motor is analytically calculated in this paper. In the process of solving, the whole motor area is divided into four parts, and they are connected by using the boundary condition. In view of the particularity of the polygonal rotor yoke structure, the rotor yoke radius function and the eccentric permanent magnet radius function are proposed in this part to describe the nonuniform air gap length, and the matrix equations are derived from the boundary conditions. The distribution of no-load air gap magnetic field is determined. The result of this method is compared with that of finite element method. Secondly, in a similar way, the magnetization of permanent magnet is ignored, and assuming that the relative permeability of permanent magnet and air gap is the same, the plane region of motor is divided into three parts, and the air-gap magnetic field of armature reaction is calculated analytically. The results are compared with the results of finite element analysis, which verify the correctness of the analytical process and lay a foundation for the analysis of the load air-gap magnetic field and the load two-dimensional electromagnetic force. Thirdly, based on the analytical results of magnetic field in the first two chapters, the two-dimensional electromagnetic stress distribution of the permanent magnet synchronous motor with polygonal rotor yoke is solved according to Maxwell's stress formula, and the result is decomposed into three parts. Each part is analyzed in detail and compared with the general circular rotor yoke permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), and the difference between them is explored. At the same time, the radial and tangential components of two-dimensional electromagnetic stress are projected to X and Y directions, respectively, and the unbalanced magnetic tension of the whole rotor is obtained by integral. The characteristics of unbalanced magnetic pull force and its internal relation with the structure size of motor are studied. Finally, the structure of the experimental prototype is designed, and four groups of experiments are carried out. The correctness of the magnetic field analysis is verified by testing the no-load reverse EMF and inductance of the prototype, and the correctness of the two-dimensional electromagnetic force solution analysis is verified by the testing of the unbalanced magnetic pull force of the prototype.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM341

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